CAUT

  • 1.  Deepening existing tuning pin holes prior to re-stringing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 06-11-2020 09:49

    Hi All,

    The Situation:

    When restringing withOUT replacing the tuning pin block, one issue is that the tuning pin hole is larger where occupied by the original tuning pin, but slightly smaller beyond the tip of the pin. Problems can arise if the newly installed, somewhat larger replacement tuning pin goes into the block any farther than the original, resulting in higher torque at the bottom of the pin than at the top (undesirable, and--in the opinion of many-- the opposite of ideal).

    So, what to do? 

    Some techs drill out the hole with a hand drill. I have not tried this, and don't know that I will, as some fairly skilled rebuilders have reported inconsistent results with this method. No doubt, some use it successfully, but they seem to be the fortunate few that "have the touch."

    Other rebuilders use shorter tuning pins for the restring, to ensure not getting into the tighter part of the hole. That solves the problem under discussion, but at the cost of a compromise elsewhere.


    The Proposed Solution:

    I have been considering removing the strings, checking the torque of the existing pins (after measuring all of the new pins, the originals that were formerly looser would get the slightly larger ones), and then pounding IN the original tuning pins a few millimeters (remember, the strings have been removed), in order to achive a safety margin at the bottom of the hole, beyond where the new pin would encounter the dreaded "ledge." This would not take a lot of time, and so far in my mental modeling, I have not been able to think of any downside.

    Has anyone ever tried this before? If you have, please share your outcomes.

    Can anyone that has done lots of restringing think of a compelling reason to NOT do this? Inquiring minds...

    Stay safe,

    Alan

     



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    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
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  • 2.  RE: Deepening existing tuning pin holes prior to re-stringing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 06-12-2020 16:33
    You can drill the holes through with a regular drill bit or you can use a tuning pin reamer to ream the bottom part of the holes. 

    I always brush the holes with a rifle bore brush (protek sells a tight-fitting one, I prefer a smaller diameter--I bought a supply of mine in a Walmart at sporting goods dept years ago), and I twirl them as I turn the hand-hand drill. I reverse the direction every few holes otherwise the steel bristles start combing the wood rather than cleaning it.

    Some then apply pure varnish (nor polyurethane) to the holes or use rosin on the pins (crush some into the pin box and shake). I dislike talc powder though it does give a buttery feel of the pins. 

    I gave up on trying to ream/brush holes based on the torque of original pins. Generally, the torque is too low in the tenor and low bass where the pinblocks are most likely to develop internal cracks. It is highest in the treble where it should be lowest for a nice tuning feel. I've use two sizes of drill bits to ease the torque in treble and affect it least in tenor and bass. In a hurry you can just brush the holes. 

    If the torque is good, consider stringing on existing pins. Have the ones in tenor and bass end up up to 3/4 turns lower and in treble as high as originally. The downside is that boosting the torque in tenor and bass this way gives you greatest torque on the bottom of the pin, which causes a spongy feel. The torque should be the same or higher close to the top. That's the reason behind hybrid blocks (multilam on top, traditional thick plies on bottom).

    There may be a few other pointers in Pianos Inside Out.

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    Mario Igrec, RPT, MM
    Chief Piano Technician, The Juilliard School
    http://www.pianosinsideout.com
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  • 3.  RE: Deepening existing tuning pin holes prior to re-stringing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 06-15-2020 14:08
    Mario,

    The torque on the existing tuning pins is not bad, but the bass strings are irredeemably dead on this thirty-something Yamaha. One argument in favor of replacing the tuning pins is that this piano has plate bushings. I concur with your point the we want the torque to be the same (or, if possible, even higher) at the top of the tuning pin as the bottom. In this regard, wouldn't new plate bushings would be advantageous in terms of tune-ability, tuning stability and/or longevity of repair? If yes, that would require removing the existing tuning pins. Thoughts?

    As for those, "...other pointers in 'Pianos Inside Out'" to which you refer, if only I knew the author who could save me the time of having to dig for it... ;-)

    Thanks for your input, Mario.

    Alan

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    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
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  • 4.  RE: Deepening existing tuning pin holes prior to re-stringing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 06-15-2020 15:02

    I wouldn't replace the plate bushings unless they are cracked or dried out and are pulling up the pins or turning.


    If the pins feel mushy or you suspect they are rusty, I'd replace them. I'd keep them only if they are consistently borderline overtight or just right but can be wound in up to a turn down.



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    Mario Igrec, RPT, MM
    Chief Piano Technician, The Juilliard School
    http://www.pianosinsideout.com
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  • 5.  RE: Deepening existing tuning pin holes prior to re-stringing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 06-15-2020 15:17
    Mario,

    Yes, some of the plate bushings are cracked, all are dried (thirty winters with single digit RH will do that), some are riding up the pins and others are turning with their pins.

    BTW, Yamaha does sell plate bushings, but they do not come pre-drilled. Guess this means that they drill the bushings and the block at the same time.

    Alan

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    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
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  • 6.  RE: Deepening existing tuning pin holes prior to re-stringing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 06-15-2020 16:52
    Conventional plate bushings don't provide much if any significant torque anyway. Since the original ones are shot you should replace them for cosmetic reasons. Then drill them by hand trying to reproduce the pins' angles. That means replacing the tuning pins, reaming hole bottoms, and brushing the holes.

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    Mario Igrec, RPT, MM
    Chief Piano Technician, The Juilliard School
    http://www.pianosinsideout.com
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  • 7.  RE: Deepening existing tuning pin holes prior to re-stringing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 06-15-2020 20:11
    Mr. Eder,

    The only reasons I can think of not to do as you propose are the time you would lose and the chance of damaging the block. It's been my experience that 30-40 yr old Yamaha (Humidiseal TM) pin blocks are exceptionally solid. I've not found it necessary to drill the old holes I just ream with the bore brushes as Mr. Igrec has outlined. The pins I've removed from that vintage Yamaha are +- 2 1/2" and well under the diameter of a standard 2/0 pin. Yamaha recommends re-pinning with a pin that is also smaller than a 2/0 but I've not had trouble with standard Denro 2/0 pins. A local gray market dealer here routinely re-strings with 3/0 pins and the results are quite sub-optimal. As I don't typically drive the pins quite as deep as Yamaha does so I've not had a problem with the smaller diameter at the bottom of the hole. It's been my understanding that the tuning pin bushing functions as a target for the drill bit when drilling the original block thus the lack of a hole in the factory part. I replace the old ones with the closest size from Pianotek and don't pre-drill them. With the 2/0 pins I get a tight but manageable torque level but if you prefer something a bit kinder on the wrists Yamaha will sell you a set of 7.5mm pins that should do just fine. Good luck. Be safe. And I really want that T shirt.

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    Karl Roeder
    Pompano Beach FL
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  • 8.  RE: Deepening existing tuning pin holes prior to re-stringing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 06-16-2020 12:21
    I don't see the reason to go to that trouble as well as not replace the bushings.  I just restrung a yamaha that had some water damage.  Pulled the pins, used a drill (power) to remove the shelf at the bottom of the hole and went up just one size since the torque was pretty good.  Replaced the tuning pin bushings (you can get the right size predrilled from Pianotek).  I then used a tapered drill to enlarge the tuning pin bushing just slightly to make it easier to insert the new pin.  Used a pin that was the same length as the old pin (longer is not advisable), and the torque came out fine.  I think when repinning with an oversized pin expectations of completely  uniform torque as you might get on a new block have to be put aside.    ​

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    David Love RPT
    www.davidlovepianos.com
    davidlovepianos@comcast.net
    415 407 8320
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  • 9.  RE: Deepening existing tuning pin holes prior to re-stringing

    Posted 06-20-2020 02:31

    ESSENTIAL REAMER INFO:   I think this is appropriate for two current threads so I'll post it to both. I've been meaning to send this in for a while but by the time I read the threads it is no longer timely.  I hope this is useful.  Referring to the photos -

    Pic #1 shows 3 chucking reamers and 1 hand reamer.  Chucking reamers have round shanks and are used in machine collets.  The 2 on the right are spiral and straight fluted chucking  reamers.   Hand reamers have square ends that fit in a tap wrench and are to be turned by hand.  On chucking reamers the the sharpened bevel at the"business end" is very short- maybe a millimeter.  If you put these in a drill motor and try to run them through a pinblock you're going to be sorry.  With hand rearmers the taper on the end is about 1/3 of the length of the flutes (if I remember right- maybe less).  This allows the reamer to enter the hole and straighten itself before it starts cutting. This adds a huge safety factor but the precision is still questionable at best for our purposes.   The reamer second from left is a hand reamer- notice the square end.  These are all fixed diameter tools so you have to buy an assortment which adds up quickly.  

    Pic #2  shows 2 "adjustable" reamers on the left.  The tool holds four blades which are separate pieces.  They can be removed and sharpened.  As the screw on the lower end is tightened the blades move along internal inclined slots, changing the cutting diameter.  The blades remains parallel with each other.  The reamers on the right are called expandable reamers or expansion reamers.  These are official names so don't mix them up with adjustable reamers.  As the screw on the end is tightened the integral blades expand outward like a balloon.  The center becomes the "fattest" and is where all the reaming is done while at the same time a long taper is created .  The advantage is that since the cutting portion is not on the end of the tool it can be oriented deep in the hole before you rotate it, thus reducing  the potential for taking a chunk out of the side of the pin hole.

     

    I seldom use reamers, but when I do I have gotten acceptable results with the expandable hand reamer.  I use a small drill motor which is stopped before the reamer enters the hole.  If the neck at the bottom of the hole is too small for the end of the reamer to pass through then I'll use a twist drill of sufficient diameter to open it up just enough for it to pass.  I don't want to be using the twist drill as a reamer.  Reamers are not designed to be used on wood.  The cutting angle is for creating "plastic flow" of steel in front of the cutter.  This doesn't happen with wood.  Also, the blades are not mini-chisels. We are really tearing up the wood fibers.  Perhaps, for tuning pins, this is a good thing.

    FYI-  "Twisted wire" or "spiral steel" brushes are not  necessarily gun brushes. Gun brushes are made of brass or plastic so as not to damage the gun bore.  When used in a pinblock the brass wires quickly lay down around the center axis changing its diameter.  I prefer to use a stainless steel spiral steel brush. Industrial supply stores sell them in all the diameters we need.   You won't find them at gun stores. 



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    Glen Hart
    Grand Junction CO
    970-434-5558
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