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String Gauge Discrepancy

  • 1.  String Gauge Discrepancy

    Member
    Posted 08-10-2026 11:07

    Greetings All,

    Restringing a 1904 Steinway Model I upright with what appear to be original strings. The strings all measure half gauge smaller than the gauge sizes stamped on the plate. The first gauge stamp is 13, but the strings measure 12.5, etc. Is it correct for me to replicate the string sizes that are in the piano, not the gauge sizes printed on the plate? Finally, why the mismatch? Did they use metric gauge wire?

    Thanks everyone!



    ------------------------------
    Tony Spradlin
    Ithaca NY
    (917) 727-4802
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-10-2026 11:17

    Use of metric wire is one possible explanation. Might this per chance be a Hamburg Steinway?

    Are you certain the piano has not been restrung previously?

    Also, where you find the wire gauge numbers, are you interpreting them to apply in the  correct direction, left or right, of where they appear?

    Best, 

    Alan



    ------------------------------
    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
    ------------------------------



  • 3.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-10-2026 12:18
    Hello,

    We always have John redo the scaling, so a nice template of the layout would suffice to get a really optimized result. 


    Good luck !

    Allan Sutton, m.mus. RPT, TEC
    www.pianotechniquemontreal.com





  • 4.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Member
    Posted 08-10-2026 15:51

    Hi Alan,

    As far as I can tell, it's a New York Steinway, not Hamburg (serial #73006). 

    It's possible it has been restrung, but the strings are corroded and brittle (started popping when I tried to bring it up to A440, even with lowering first to break corrosion). There are 5-6 windings on every tuning pin, and very uniform - like a factory job, which leads me to believe they're original.

    The first gauge stamp at the top of the soprano is 13, so I am assuming all the strings to the left of that should be 13 (they are measuring as 12.5), consistent all the way down to the bass break.

    Thanks for your reply!



    ------------------------------
    Tony Spradlin
    Freeville NY
    (917) 345-3794
    ------------------------------



  • 5.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-10-2026 11:27

    Hey Tony, I just checked the steinway book and if it's a Model I with a serial number between 91702 and 216280 then the smallest treble size is 13. Some earlier uprights used 12 and 12.5 but those were 85 note. 

    But you're right that there are different measurements depending on what country the wire is from. My recommendation would be to just go off micrometer measurements or rescale the instrument based on whatever wire you're going to use. 



    ------------------------------
    Morgan T. Cowell, RPT
    Great Plains Piano Company
    www.greatplainspiano.com
    Regional Vice President
    2023 PTG Institute Director
    402-239-7876
    morgan@greatplainspiano.com
    ------------------------------



  • 6.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-10-2026 13:07

    Tony,

    What is your impression of how the piano sounded before destringing (assuming it is destrung)?

    Possible dumb question #1: Have you checked and possibly rechecked your mic or dial caliper to make sure that where you're reading is in fact accurate? (I have a dial caliper that reads .001" different at the tip vs the inner jaws. I always double check this and compensate accordingly when I use this one. 

    Dumb question #2: You've checked the entire section for consistency? I've seen some of these (though marked) with 12.5 on the last two notes. And...You've checked each of the progressive gauge sections and they're all consistently .001" "off"?

    Not trying to insult your intelligence. Just trying not to assume anything.

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 7.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Member
    Posted 08-10-2026 16:05

    Hi Peter,

    The piano tone sounded great for the age and condition of the hammers. Ringing dampers aside, I was quite pleased.

    Excellent question #1: I used a mic and then double checked with a digital caliper to make sure I wasn't going crazy.

    Excellent question #2: I checked samples in each of the different gauge sections, and the wire in every section is consistently 1/2 size smaller than the stamp on plate.

    Thank you for your input!



    ------------------------------
    Tony Spradlin
    Freeville NY
    (917) 345-3794
    ------------------------------



  • 8.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Member
    Posted 08-10-2026 15:56

    Hi Morgan,

    Thanks for the info! The serial is #73006, so maybe I'm incorrect thinking it's an I? I think I'll follow your suggestion and just go off the micrometer measurements. 



    ------------------------------
    Tony Spradlin
    Freeville NY
    (917) 345-3794
    ------------------------------



  • 9.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-10-2026 16:04

    Well okay...1892. Anything goes 😉 

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 10.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Member
    Posted 08-10-2026 16:06

    Ha! That's kind of the conclusion I'm coming to 😜



    ------------------------------
    Tony Spradlin
    Freeville NY
    (917) 345-3794
    ------------------------------



  • 11.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-10-2026 18:14

    Tony, if you contact Steinway, they should be able to verify the model per the serial number. And perhaps tell you what their version of the string scale should be.



    ------------------------------
    Steven Rosenthal RPT
    Honolulu HI
    (808) 521-7129
    ------------------------------



  • 12.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Posted 08-11-2026 08:37
    Does stretching over a long period of time cause strings to become thinner? If old, and stretched, there would be more turns on the pin. If old, stretched and thinned, they would start popping.

    I'd go for the scalings indicated on the plate.

    Best wishes

    David P


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    David Pinnegar, B.Sc., A.R.C.S.
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    +44 7868385643





  • 13.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-12-2026 02:43

    David,

    I would have thought that strings would stretch over their life span and therefore yes, they might thin eventually.

    I tested this several years ago with a #15 wire, hung from a rafter with 160 lbs of weight tensioning it and two upright damper block screw clamps to measure against.

    There was some initial stretch, though some of it may have been settling or straightening.  But after two years the distance between my markers (about 113 CM) had not changed more than .2 mm and most of the changes could be attibuted to temperature.

    This was completely opposite of what I expected and suggests that most or all pitch drop is from changes in the frame, plate, soundboard or string bends.



    ------------------------------
    Blaine Hebert RPT
    Duarte CA
    (626) 390-0512
    ------------------------------



  • 14.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Posted 08-12-2026 05:30
    Dear Blaine

    Thanks

    Yes this would make sense and were my original thought to have been correct in terms of strings constantly stretching, we'd never be able to tune. The next question is whether a stretched tuned string is thinner than a virgin unstretched string.

    Of course metallurgy may play its part too . . . 

    Best wishes

    David P


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    David Pinnegar, B.Sc., A.R.C.S.
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    +44 7868385643





  • 15.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-11-2026 11:07

    Hi Tony,

    Always feel free to reach out to Steinway & Sons for information.

    According to our factory log books, #73006 is a model F which left the factory in February of 1892.

    According to The Official Guide to Steinway Pianos, the model F was built on an N scale in 1892.

    According to the technical reference guide, the steel wire sizes for a model N are as follows

    13 - 6

    13.5 - 4

    14 - 4

    14.5 - 4

    15 - 4

    15.5 - 4

    16 - 9

    16.5 - 8

    17 - 8

    18 - 11



    ------------------------------
    Daniel DeBiasio
    Technical Education & Support
    ddebiasio@steinway.com
    718-267-3229
    Steinway & Sons
    ------------------------------



  • 16.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Member
    Posted 08-12-2026 12:13

    Daniel,

    Thank you for the information! There's one less row and a few differences between the scale you sent and the plate stamps, but otherwise pretty close:

    13 - 7 (instead of 6)

    16 - 8 (instead of 9)

    18 - 10 (instead of 11)

    As an aside, I really enjoyed your class at the convention!

    Plate Stamps 13-16

    Plate Stamps 16.5-18

    Thank you Steven for the suggestion, David and Blaine for the interesting ideas about stretching, and Trevor, Alan, and Horace for the measuring advice!



    ------------------------------
    Tony Spradlin
    Ithaca NY
    (917) 727-4802
    ------------------------------



  • 17.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-10-2026 19:07

    I have had a similar experience when measuring strings, and center pins too for that matter. One thing I would try would be to try measuring new wire of a known gauge and see what reading you get. My experience with the digital caliper I use is that I consistently get readings that are about a thousandth less than nominal size. Perhaps it is an error with my caliper. Not sure. What I do know is that I can get extremely consistent readings, so when working with strings or center pins I use it as much to compare  the existing to the replacement to confirm I am getting an exact match. Obviously if you're measuring for bass string replacement you want to be sure your measuring device is actually giving correct readings not just correct comparison. 

    Not sure if that's helpful, but it's my two cents worth of experience. 



    ------------------------------
    Trevor Penner RPT
    Hillsboro KS
    (620) 877-0306
    music2himalone@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 18.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-10-2026 20:29

    The takeaway here (and from other posts) is that, in addition to the accuracy of a given measuring tool, all measuring devices must be calibrated before each measuring session. Without that, they are only producing readings relative to their mis-calibration at any given time.

    Best,

    Alan 



    ------------------------------
    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
    ------------------------------



  • 19.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Posted 08-10-2026 20:52
    Hi, Alan,

    I totally agree.

    In case it was missed, Allan Gilreath recently posted an excellent article on the use of “anvil” micrometers. It was only a few weeks ago, so should be easy to find.

    Kind regards.

    Horace




  • 20.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-11-2026 02:36

    Tony,

    Just as a theoretical point; If you strung one unison with 12.5 and another with 13 would you be able to tell the difference in tone (though the difference in tone between one note and the next might be greater than the difference between string sizes).

    I do understand that an increase of 1/2 or 1 string size across the whole piano might created dangerous overall tension issues, but then can most modern pianos tolerate this amount of increaed tension?



    ------------------------------
    Blaine Hebert RPT
    Duarte CA
    (626) 390-0512
    ------------------------------



  • 21.  RE: String Gauge Discrepancy

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 08-11-2026 08:31

    Blaine,

    Interesting anecdote: A few years ago I had opportunity to restring a Yamaha C3 that had been previously restrung (25-30 years previous). Having tuned this piano for years, I always felt there was something "weird/strange" about it. I could not identify what it was exactly, but it simply tuned and sounded "different" from all the other C3's I'm used to. 

    Come to find out when I destrung it and put my mic on the wire, the previous stringer evidently was not aware of the metric factoid of the gauge numbers on the bridge. It was consistently strung throughout with American gauge wire accordingly...all .001" larger. 

    On finding this I said: "Aha! Perhaps this is why it seemed unusual". And indeed, now strung with the assigned metric sizes, it behaves like a "normal" C3. Circumstantial evidence that this distinction can be an important one. 

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------