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PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

  • 1.  PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 09-24-2025 07:31
    This review just came up on one of my saved searches about an article that just came out in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences:
    "Pianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study" 
    Here's the link to the review:  
     
    https://phys.org/news/2025-09-pianists-subtle-finger-movements-variations.html



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    David Stanwood
    stanwoodpiano.com
    stanwood@tiac.net
    508-693-1583
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  • 2.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 09-24-2025 10:31
    Wow! Thanks for this.
    As a well trained pianist and now an RPT for 50 years, I have given a great deal of thought to this. Knowing that technique does indeed affect timbre, but not understanding how that translates through action movement.
    Nancy Salmon, RPT





  • 3.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 09-24-2025 14:28

    I have long been amazed to hear how different the same piano sounds under different players' fingers. And its not just the fingers, its pedaling too. 

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



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    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
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  • 4.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 09-24-2025 17:53

    Peter,

    A well known pianist and piano professor at a highly reputed music conservatory insists that pitch comes from the fingers and that tonal variation comes from "the feet."

    I suggested to the technician at that school that they have six students play the same piece by JS Bach on the same piano in succession, no pedaling allowed. To the best of my knowledge, that idea has yet to gain traction.

    Best,

    Alan



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    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
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  • 5.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 09-25-2025 14:45

    Alan,

    Kind of along this line of thought, one of my better playing clients recently asked me if I could adjust the damper pedal on his quite new Kawai grand to be "wetter". I've never had anyone use that specific term before but I ASSUME he's talking about somewhat less efficient dampingas well as more immediate response (little to no lost motion at the pedal).

    Have you, or anyone else had a request like this, and how did/would you handle it?

    My person 1907 Chickering is quite like this (damping not super efficient with plenty of lagging ring), and I do, in fact, like that feature, though not everyone probably would. 

    I have yet to make any adjustments on his piano. This thread caused me to throw this out for a little help.

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



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    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
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  • 6.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 09-25-2025 18:00

    Peter,

    If your client's issue is pedal-related, you might want to consider tapering the damper cutoff timing from one end of the scale to the other (with shims on the damper tray). That worked for a client of mine with a similar request.

    Best,

    Alan



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    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
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  • 7.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 09-26-2025 07:31

    Alan,

    That's a good and simple solution. Do you recall which way you tapered it? Curious...

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



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    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
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  • 8.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 09-26-2025 07:54

    Peter,

    "Shirt" cardboard in the bass, manila folder in the tenor and nothing in the treble. Haven't tried it in the opposite direction, but that might work, too.

    Thanks to Jon Page for this suggestion.

    Best,

    Alan



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    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
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  • 9.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 09-26-2025 09:09

    Mr. Grey,

    I think a quite new Kawai has underlever capstans that should make this an easy fix.



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    Karl Roeder
    Pompano Beach FL
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  • 10.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Posted 10-02-2025 13:22

    With thanks and due respect to Mr. Stanwood for sharing the article, and to the intentions behind the study... it should be voiced that this study's findings are completely erroneous!!

    The qualification of timbre was left to the ear of a listener; meaning no qualification at all!  There are numerous elements of note playing that influence musical timbre perception which were not included in the control, including: duration of note, duration of note compared to adjacent notes, duration (or overlap) between the notes. All of those subtleties are multiplied by the natural timbral effect of dynamics.  This means that the timbre of the performance modulated, but not of the acoustic genesis of the piano's tonal properties.

    A player can influence the harpsichord to sound "louder, softer, gentler, smoother, wetter, darker" etc., while it is very easy to demonstrate that the harpsichord's 'tonal genesis' does not change based on player input.  So this same study could be applied to the harpsichord to find the same result - that players can influence the timbre of the harpsichord; which they cannot.  The harpsichordist can only effect the perception of timbre.  The same applies to the piano, or at the very least is not disproven by this particular study.



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    Robin Whitehouse
    Greenbelt, MD
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  • 11.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Member
    Posted 10-03-2025 09:21

    Peter,

    Dry/Wet is a parlance that we see in acoustics and sound engineering, often referring to less/more reverb but in sound engineering it can refer to other sound effects as well.  In acoustics, a dry environment would be something like a well padded recording studio or a carpeted living room whereas a "wet" environment would be something more like a church or cathedral.  In sound engineering, when adding a reverb effect to a sound there is often a "dry/wet" knob (guitar players will see them on their reverb pedals as well).  As you can guess the knob when turned one way will be the completely unaltered sound and turned completely the other way, the direct sound will be completely drowned out by reverb "reflections" (its actually a series of hundreds of copies of the sound delayed and overlapped).  Alan's solution to the problem is the make the pedal behave a bit like the knob so that you can gradually add more and more sympathetically vibrating strings (similar to reverb) to the sound-albeit in a very short portion of the pedal stroke.  I think my interpretation, based on that one word "wetter," would be to reduce lost motion in the pedal so that the dampers engage earlier in the pedal stroke making the sound maximally "wet" sooner.  However, I think having a discussion with the client about what they are after would be prudent because what people say and what they mean can often be different things.  Sometimes I will loosen the lock nut before having the discussion so I can very easily reach under the piano to make a quick adjustment with my hand and give them an A/B comparison.



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    Luke Taylor
    Duarte CA
    (310) 386-7014
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  • 12.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Member
    Posted 10-03-2025 10:32

    I should also add that Alan's solution would make "half pedaling" (i.e. riding the threshold between dampers engaged/disengaged) seem more "wet."



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    Luke Taylor
    Duarte CA
    (310) 386-7014
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  • 13.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-03-2025 10:41

    Luke,

    Your suggestion is simpler and quicker than Jon Page's suggestion that I conveyed. Your thought, therefore, will be my first go-to measure when I next encounter a pianist making a request along these lines.

    Love it!

    Alan



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    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
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  • 14.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-03-2025 15:45

    I agree!  I have yet to make it over there for a tryout, but it will happen soon. Thx!

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



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    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
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  • 15.  RE: PPianists' subtle finger movements influence variations in timbre, according to new study

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-13-2025 18:21

    Interesting study. The article lacks important details, though following the references yields more: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2425073122 and https://datadryad.org/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.95x69p8z3#readme (the latter providing code and data related to the study).

    I agree it would be better to have spectrogram or the like to accompany perceptions, but if the perceptions are consistent among a group of listeners, that provides some objectivity. 

    What struck me most was the factor they identified as most determinant: acceleration at escapement. Not velocity, but acceleration. I think that is a very telling observation, as from my perspective as a pianist (and my own perceptions of what I am doing and how), I have come to a very similar conclusion: that the last bit of effective key dip is the most important for most expressive purposes - as in bringing out one voice above another, creating nuance in a phrase (subtle crescendo and diminuendo) and the like. 

    But I do think an objective sonic analysis is needed. Concerning how pianists' sounds at the same piano vary, I believe one major source of the difference is noise, much of which derives from impact of the key. Remove the attack sound, and a piano doesn't sound like a piano. Change the attack sound and the piano sounds like a different piano. How is attack sound related to velocity and acceleration? How far do different individual's fingers move (do they dig into the front punchings, or decelerate just after escapement, for instance).



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    Fred Sturm
    University of New Mexico
    fssturm@gmail.com
    http://fredsturm.net
    http://www.artoftuning.com
    "We either make ourselves happy or miserable. The amount of work is the same." - Carlos Casteneda
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