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Steam Voicing

  • 1.  Steam Voicing

    Posted 02-25-2017 23:14
    Hi All,

    Does anyone out there have experience using an electric hammer iron (like the 5-in-1 kit sold by Schaff)?  Specifically, I am interested in know the range of time I should expect to be looking at applying the hot iron to the dampened cloth when using the tool to soften hammers.

    ------------------------------
    [Barbara] [Bernhardt]
    [Piano Technician/Co-Owner ]
    [GF Music, LLC]
    [Montrose] [CO]
    [(970)209-8817]
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-25-2017 23:38
    Barbara

    I've done this a number of times. After the iron is hot, take a wet cloth, like a handkerchief, and put it over a range of hammers. You want to touch the iron to the cloth for about half a second. You'll hear a sizzle. Do that for each hammer in the range. (you can do a section at a time). When you're done, play the notes and listen to the results. You can do this over and over until you get the result you want.  If you over do it, iron the hammers without the cloth. 

    ------------------------------
    Willem "Wim" Blees, RPT
    Mililani, HI 96789
    ------------------------------



  • 3.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Posted 02-26-2017 05:04
    Hello Barbara

    The one person who knows all about steaming hammers is Roger Jolly (Calgary, Alberta Chapter) Many years ago when faced with a hard hammered grand for use on Stage at Glyndebourne in a Production, he sent me his Paper "Controllable Steam Voicing" which I effectively used. I have used it many times since then. This is part of a multi faceted paper entitled "Interactive Grand Regulation" by Eugenia Carter RPT (Charlotte, NC Chapter) and Roger Jolly. It describes the use of Steaming and how to do it. In all it is steaming through a white linen cloth for a short time and dampening that cloth with de-natured water using a household re-fillable spray-gun.

    Good luck!

    Michael    UK





  • 4.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Posted 02-26-2017 07:54
    Proceed carefully as Michael describes.
    Heavy steaming will cause the felt to shrink and cup.

    ------------------------------
    Ed Sutton
    ed440@me.com
    (980) 254-7413
    ------------------------------



  • 5.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-26-2017 11:28
    <<Heavy steaming will cause the felt to shrink and cup.>>

    So will too much vodka. The hammer gets thinner at the top, and cupped.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------



  • 6.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Posted 02-26-2017 09:59
    Michael,

    I have not heard of denatured water - do you mean distilled water?

    ------------------------------
    [Barbara] [Bernhardt]
    [Piano Technician/Co-Owner ]
    [GF Music, LLC]
    [Montrose] [CO]
    [(970)209-8817]
    ------------------------------



  • 7.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Posted 02-27-2017 01:56
    Hello Barbara
    Yes, that's another name for it. De-ionised water is another and water as used in car batteries is yet another.   Michael   UK





  • 8.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-28-2017 06:08
    Denatured water - no such thing; distilled water - very pure because it was boiled and the steam was condensed into a new vessel leaving any solids behind; deionized water - a much less expensive and nearly as effective way to achieve the same thing using treatments to remove the solids.

    ------------------------------
    Benjamin Rocke, RPT, MPT
    Manchester CT
    860-327-3588
    ------------------------------



  • 9.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-26-2017 10:39
    Hi - I've done this a few times, but only when I was desperate because I was warned this could cause an extreme difference. Indeed, on 2 of the pianos it did, so I'm glad I was cautious because a short burst of steam was the least they needed. All but one of the pianos reverted back toward the previous sound at least a little, so sometimes a wee bit of overkill is called for, but I don't know how you'd know that ahead of time. Good luck!

    ------------------------------
    Margaret Jusiel
    Athens WV
    304-952-8615
    ------------------------------



  • 10.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Posted 02-26-2017 16:23
    Earlier on I got some really excellent results by forcing steam into the core of the hammer, not the outside surface. The tonal difference was amazing, actually. However, it only lasted 15 minutes, so I bagged it. It did show me quite graphically, though, what adjusting the resilience of the hammer could achieve. 

    ------------------------------
    Jim Ialeggio
    grandpianosolutions.com
    Shirley, MA
    978 425-9026
    ------------------------------



  • 11.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-27-2017 01:13
    I have used steam voicing on dozens of grand pianos.  It is a very effective technique.  The results will last for months.  I use "Viva scrub towels" and a regular steam iron.  I like the blue scrub towels because the tracks from the iron are visible, but any high quality paper towel or thin piece of cotton will do.  I wet the towel and then squeeze out the excess water so it is damp.  This injects the same amount of water into each hammer.  I prop up one section of hammers at a time, resting the hammer shanks on the keyslip.  I lay the scrub towel over each section of hammers.  I make 4 passes (10 seconds) on each section of hammers moving the iron (heat set to wool) horizontally across each section.  Pass 1 at 3:00 o'clock, pass 2 at 9:00 o'clock, pass 3 at 1:00 o'clock, pass 4 at 11:00 o'clock.  I never steam voice over the crown.  This deadens the attack too much.  After the 4 passes, I slide the action back in and listen to the results.  If more is needed, I repeat the passes.  The passes at 11:00 and 1:00 have more effect.  Better to under do it and have to make multiple passes than to over do it. You have to be careful if there are pronounced string grooves.  Best to shape the hammers both before and after the steam voicing.  An entire set can be lightly shaped and steam voiced in under an hour.  Really rock hard and horrible sounding hammers can be incredibly improved.  This is not a technique for performance pianos!

    ------------------------------
    Carl Lieberman
    RPT
    Venice CA
    310-392-2771
    ------------------------------



  • 12.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-28-2017 07:12
    Early on, I too did my fair share of steam voicing. Being in the tropical climate, felts get very hard and crusty from the high humidity. Steam voicing was a fast and easy way to cut through the effects of high humidity. However, as many of pointed out, steaming has its share of drawbacks as it will alter the hammer shape and cupping will occur. More importantly, steaming can easily over soften the tension in the hammer and you'll have a tough time bringing it back. Thus I stopped doing this method.
    I did start using another approach with using the multi-use lubricant, Ballistol. One of Ballistol's purposes is that of a fabric, leather, and wood rejuvenator. Not to mention, it can also help with slowing rusting situations on the treble wire strings, and one of the best center pin lubricators out there.
    As for voicing, you can simply apply it right on the crown and the solution will start breaking apart the crustiness with no ill-effects.  Because it doesn't evaporate, it will stay in that state for a long time and keep the felt supple. Follow up with some light crown and high shoulder needling, and you've made a nice long term change to an old crusty hammer. Now if the crustiness is due more towards the results of too much lacquer, than this  isn't the best approach.  Ballistol won't create any cupping and gross mis-shaping to occur.

    If you haven't starting using Ballistol, you need to get on board. Its the best all-in-one material that every tech should have in their bag of tricks. It makes for a wonderful center pin lubricate (mix 50/50 with Naptha) and makes for a good long-term lubricator. Its a big help with dealing the effects of verdi-gris. Its also great on key bushing felt as it will act as a self-lubricating mechanism help prevent the "grabbing" that key bushings tend to develop over time. Its also very effective on crusty damper head felts.  The only warning should be not to put it on or near copper wound bass strings. It will discolor and has been known to have ill-effects on soft metals like copper and gold.
     I buy mine in the gallon jug  (about $80)and mix it down for various uses. 1 gallon goes a long way and you'll save you a ton on money over the course of a year. 
    Its also biodegradable and has not ill-effects to our bodies or the climate.

    ------------------------------
    Tom Servinsky
    ------------------------------



  • 13.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-28-2017 09:16
    Where does one buy Ballistol? Sounds interesting.

    ------------------------------
    Paul T. Williams RPT
    Director of Piano Services
    School of Music
    813 Assembly St
    University of South Carolina
    Columbia, SC 29208
    pwilliams@mozart.sc.edu
    ------------------------------



  • 14.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-28-2017 13:26
    I hope this link will work, but if not, it's Mother Goose Tools - Joe Goss
    Mother Goose Tools - Tools for the Professional Piano Technician


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    David Skolnik
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    914-231-7565
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  • 15.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-01-2017 01:05
    Tom (and others),
    Before you start anointing pianos with Ballistol: I wrote and submitted the results of a six month long test of a variety of string rust prevention techniques to the Journal, one of them was Ballistol.

    Ballistol was not as effective as other treatments. I don't know if or when the article might get published;  I could send along a copy of my word file if anyone was interested.  The results are somewhat counter-intuitive.

    I have no idea of how Ballistol might work on hammers, but "insect treatment" on felt involves removing the lanolin.  Without lanolin felt has low nutritional value and attracts fewer insects.

    ------------------------------
    Blaine Hebert
    Duarte CA
    626-795-5170
    ------------------------------



  • 16.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-01-2017 05:39
    Balistol has been my go-to CLP ( cleaner, lubricator, and protector) for the past 8yrs. If I wasn't getting extremely favorable results from the get-go, I would have abandoned this approached from the early days. But that hasn't been the case.
    This product was designed to protect and clean firearms dating back to WW1. It has been found to leave a film  that stay active for a very long time, thus as a protector against rusting situations, this has been proven to be one of the best solutions for extreme situations. For unwound strings, this works extremely well here in Florida fighting the troubling effects of salt and humidity.  A simple wipe on during the stringing process will give a good level of protection without any diminishing effects to the string structure or tone. So I'll have to completely disagree with your findings.

    This is from one of the company's that tested Ballistol 
    As a Corrision Inhibitor
    Ballistol as a Corrosion Inhibitor Most corrosion inhibiting lubricants can only protect against normal oxidation. They do so by covering up the surface, which they are supposed to protect, and prevent contact with water and air. Due to its alkalinity Ballistol can also protect against galvanic corrosion, acidic corrosion and salt water corrosion. Ballistol contains oxygen binders. They make the oxygen, contained in water or air, unavailable for oxidation. Due to its low surface tension, Ballistol is capable of creeping into the smallest openings even against gravity. Accordingly, Ballistol provides not only passive but also active protection against corrosion. However, Ballistol is not a permanent coating or paint. Its protective effect will be the stronger the more often it is re-applied.
    Ingredients
    Contents Ballistol contains medicinal grade mineral oil, alkaline salts of oleic acid, several alcohols, Benzyl Acetate and an oil from vegetable seeds. The mineral oil is unchlorinated and conforms to the specifications of US Pharmacop
    Due to anti-oxidants contained in it Ballistol will not easily harden or gum up. It retains its lubricity over extended periods of exposure. Due to its extreme purity the mineral oil contained in Ballistol survives autoclaving and leaves enough of a mineral oil film behind to provide a reasonable measure of lubrication and corrosion prevention even after autoclaving. As an emulsifying oil Ballistol does not lose its capability to lubricate in the presence of water.

    Ballistol is available through most gun shops and Amazaon.

    ------------------------------
    Tom Servinsky
    ------------------------------



  • 17.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Posted 03-01-2017 07:38
    hello Tom,
    i have experimented with Ballistol as well but stopped using it on customers pianos because of the odor.  Do you think it might be possible to add a drop or two of an essential oil to neutralize the smell?
    Peter

    ------------------------------
    Petrus Janssen
    Sharpsburg GA
    678-416-8055
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  • 18.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-28-2017 09:49
    Tom,

    I got Ballistol and have tried it. I agree that it does everything you said. The only problem for me is THE SMELL!

    How do you deal with the odor of stinky feet that lingers for days? It drives my wife crazy...I have not yet had the guts to try it in someone's home (the shop was bad enough). Is there some way to neutralize that? Or do you warn people?

    Pwg

    BTW it is generally available through firearms dealers.


    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    603-686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 19.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-01-2017 12:28
    Hi Thomas,
    Could you please elaborate about your experience using Ballistol on verdigris?
    Thanks,
    David Weiss

    Sent from my iPhone




  • 20.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-02-2017 05:59
    My process for slowing or controlling the growth of the verdi gris is with the heat gun treatment, followed by Ballistol ( mixed with naptha 50/50).  Depending upon the severity of the verdi gris, it will take a good 2 mins of moving the heat gun over an entire section back and forth. Keep the gun moving steadily in order not to burn or discolor the flanges. A plume of blueish gray smoke will appear when the parts have gotten hot enough ( its the solutions that are being burned, not the wood).
    I've heard so many stories as to what Steinway used to treat their felt  with...from whale oil to mutton tallow. What ever is in there that's causing the chemical reaction, also has a rather low heat tolerance. The heat gun will target that issue
    Follow up with Ballistol which will help coat the center pins and lubricate the bushing felt. The combination can buy me almost a year of free-swining flanges, allowing the customer more time before they have to write the big check for new parts.
    My original reply about the use of Ballistol was not that this is the best end-all solution money can buy. But it is one of the most versatile solutions we can carry in the our case.

    ------------------------------
    Tom Servinsky
    ------------------------------



  • 21.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-28-2017 19:32
    As I have posted elsewhere on this site, Balistol will stain any textile it is applied to. While I'm open to the idea of using it for voicing in some theoretical circumstances care must be taken in the manner in which it is applied. Using a hypo oiler or some similar tool will allow one drop at a time to go only where you want it.  My introduction to Balistol was in 1988 at the Kimball University where Denny Berger from Bosendorfer showed us how it was used on action centers.  As with most oil type treatments in felt I have found that when the centers get tight  it can cause a sort of "ratcheting" problem.  The parts don't freeze or become sluggish but they do become heavy and unpredictable.  I have taken off a shank and flange assembly and gotten 5-7 swings but then measured 10-12 grams with a contact gauge. The gauge goes up to 12 grams or so and then the flange gets thrown by the contact spring. The "ratchet" effect can be noticed when slowly moving the part through it's range of motion and seems to be the action center going from high resistance to zero resistance multiple times during a single transit. I've observed this with silicone and protek as well.

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    Karl Roeder
    Pompano Beach FL
    ------------------------------



  • 22.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-28-2017 23:55
    Ballistol is a great lubricant, but I don't trust putting anything oily into cloth or hammer felt. The great thing about steam and vodka is that they condition the woolen felt without leaving anything in it.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
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  • 23.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Posted 03-01-2017 10:38
    I believe Ballistol has been a lubricant of choice for German piano technicians for several generations, for action centers and key bushings, I have not heard of it being used for hammer voicing.

    Susan, do you mean liquor store vodka, or just a mix of alcohol and water?

    I find 70% isopropyl rubbing alcohol, spritzed lightly on hammer tops, does something similar to light steaming. The alcohol leads the water more deeply into the felt [like steam], and will raise the compressed felt in string grooves, or very slightly lift the surface of a compressed hammer. The effect is limited, but does not cause cupping or shrinking of the hammers.It is also a lot simpler and faster than steaming. Spritz lightly, and be careful not to spray old varnishes.

    ------------------------------
    Ed Sutton
    ed440@me.com
    (980) 254-7413
    ------------------------------



  • 24.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-01-2017 15:05

    Hello, Ed

    What I use is 100 proof ethanol and water, which is roughly what vodka is. I get the ethanol as 190 proof "Clear Spring" from the liquor store and cut it half and half with tap water, in a dropper bottle. I like the fact that I know what is in the solution, and I could drink it without problems -- so, no toxic fumes for me or my customers, and nothing remains behind once the solution has dried.

    I prefer dripping into the string grooves to spraying, since I can control where it goes better. If one uses a lot (like from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. on the hammer) narrowing of the hammer and cupping can happen, Heavily worn hammers will bulge at the ends of the string grooves. I theorize that this is because the felt in the middle of the string cuts has flaked off, but the felt at the ends of the string grooves has been compressed instead, so it bulges when made fluffy by the water. (The water does the work -- the alcohol is just to thin it enough to let it soak in.)  So, as other people have said, a light filing to smooth off the bulges can be needed, with needling to even up the voicing.

    Minimal use of vodka in the string grooves usually doesn't deform the hammer enough to need more than a light touch up of the shape.

    As for the smell of ballistol, it reminds me of almonds. Possibly the "vegetable oil" component is almond oil. Smells a little like marzipan.



    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------



  • 25.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Posted 03-01-2017 15:42
    Susan -

    In a typical application, how long do you have to wait for the 'vodka' to dry before reliably ascertaining the effects, and possibly moving to filing and needling?

    Mark Potter
    West Jefferson, OH






  • 26.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-01-2017 18:38
    Hi, Mark

    I usually use vodka in the string grooves of neglected extremely bright pianos with worn hammers. When I come to tune a piano like this, and hear the tin and rock-hard brightness I'll speak with the owner (some LIKE it!!) and offer to treat it with alcohol. Then I evaluate which sections I want to change, sometimes marking the keys with a chalk line. I first treat special offenders with a dose between 11 and 1 on the clock face, and then drip a few drops into the string grooves of the sections I've marked. I also sometimes knead the wet strike area with a fingernail. On an upright, i'll drop the vodka in with my right hand and my left will be at the bottom of the string grooves to keep the alcohol from running off. I kind of massage it in.

    When I treat the bass, I like to leave it awhile before playing down there. I don't like the idea of whacking liquid into a wound string. For the rest of the piano, there is an immediate result (certainly enough to charm the customer), but it changes a little over an hour or two.

    After applying the vodka, I start tuning. Middle section first, of course. By the time I'm into octave 5 and 6, I'll be able to tell if a note or three need more, and I'll given them another shot. By the end of the tuning, the results seem fairly stable, and I go over the voicing and even it up with needling. I use a short needle, just one.

    The only time I'd use vodka on a performance grand would be using just one or two drops on an octave 7 hammer which is as bright as broken glass and sticks out more than the rest. It will take the edge off just a hair, making it equal to the other notes while leaving plenty of attack and sizzle. And I wouldn't repeat it -- I'd just do it once. Once the voicing is even and in the right range up there, it tends to stay even. I like being able to take down extreme brightness on such small hammers, usually very hard from lacquer, without having to needle or file the very thin felt. It's easily harmed, and needling and filing up there doesn't seem to be very effective.

    Using vodka on a church 7' Yamaha beat to smithereens over and over again by a "gospel" pianist, when I used a lot of it several times over, I found out that it is reversible by more hard playing -- until it isn't. I also found the hammer narrowing to be alarming. You get to a certain point, soaking it deep in, and the internal structure of the hammer gets compromised, and rebuilding it (dripping lacquer into the sides, mostly) seems difficult and the results not very appealing. This is probably why Yamaha at one point said that steaming hammers will void their warranty on them.

    It's like so many of the techniques we use -- treated with respect, vodka can really do a job for you. Overdone, it can be your worst enemy. Well, my opinion, anyway.

    It was a good day when I realized I could get results from vodka very similar to steaming. I call it "steam in a bottle." No kettle or iron to carry, no searching for an outlet, no steam burns, just a two-ounce plastic dropper bottle in a ziploc bag living in my kit.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------



  • 27.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-01-2017 21:18
    Susan, 

    This is great information you are sharing about your use of vodka for voicing.

    At one point you wrote, "Heavily worn hammers will bulge at the ends of the string grooves. I theorize that this is because the felt in the middle of the string cuts has flaked off, but the felt at the ends of the string grooves has been compressed instead, so it bulges when made fluffy by the water."

    I have often wondered if, when hammers get worn, they actually get lighter (by losing felt, that is, and before we file them, of course). Or could it be that the felt is just getting moved around, the hammer changing shape, but not getting any lighter. I have not had the opportunity to weigh a new hammer, play it a gazillion times, and then weight it again, but my guess is that the weight won't have changed much, if at all.

    If you--or anyone else--could shed some light on this, I would sure appreciate it.

    Thanks,

    Alan


    ------------------------------
    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
    ------------------------------



  • 28.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-01-2017 23:52
    Hi, Alan --

    I always assumed that when a worn hammer has long string grooves and a flattened end that it got lighter because fibers had been broken and drifted away --- but if you find a way to see what happens to the weight over time, that would be very interesting.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------



  • 29.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Posted 03-02-2017 06:57
    Hi Susan -

    Thank you for such a thorough reply.  I guess my concerns were:1) having to wait awhile to judge the effectiveness; and 2) the possible negative consequences of a still slightly damp hammer striking the strings over and over in the tuning process. It sounds like neither of these is an issue, though, and likely so because you seem to use very small amounts of liquid.

    When steaming I always follow the damp linen cloth with a dry one to set the felt before playing any of the notes so that I can know for sure what has been accomplished.  I like the idea of knowing immediately. But you are certainly right about the inherent hassles of setting up to do it!

    Thanks again for your explanation.  It is always good to have multiple avenues of attack, and I just may try it on the next set of granite hammers I run across.  Won't be long, I'm sure ;)

    Mark Potter
    West Jefferson, OH






  • 30.  RE: Steam Voicing

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-02-2017 21:37
    You're welcome, Mark. It's also good to have several people trying a particular technique, since everyone does things slightly differently. Independent observations are always useful.

    Seeing how little of something will work seem a pretty good operating principle for a lot of tasks.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------