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Hammer Softener Applications

  • 1.  Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 12-24-2016 05:55

    Client teacher has two early circa 1900 Steinway grands (AA and B) with restored actions (and restrung) but with a different brand of action parts including hammers. Original soundboards with positive crown. Major complaint has been the tone production being one dimensional with very little dynamic available. Hammers are better suited for a newer instrument with higher tension capabilities. Needle voicing has been performed with little results and I am requested to re-voice about every three months. Replacement of S&S factory hammers has been discussed and will happen within a years time, however, i need to treat the current sets in the meantime. I have used Pianotek Hammer Softener on some Samick's in the past that had unbearably strident tone so I had soaked the hammer sets thoroughly with good results. I applied the product, return the next day, file hammers and voice for evenness. I am wondering if fully soaking this set will produce a gradual improvement or if a more strategic/judicial application of this hammer softening product will give adequate results. The job is an hours drive and I want to make repairs without multiple revisits. 

    ------------------------------
    David Chadwick
    Coshocton OH
    702-205-6264
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 12-24-2016 13:22

    I keep a dropper bottle of vodka in my kit, and find it does all I need to.

    I wouldn't soak the whole hammer with alcohol -- I like to preserve the internal structure and the progressively harder inner layers. Also, if using a lot of alcohol, the hammer will swell outwards, but it will sometimes also get narrower, which I consider a bad outcome, mostly avoided by using less alcohol.

    With vodka, you can make a small first application, and then choose which hammers might need a second application. The first one would be several drops right in the string grooves. Then if some hammers need more, I might soak from about 11 to 1 on the clock face. I wouldn't use more than two applications. If that still isn't enough, I then turn to needles, and in a very bad situation, on hammers which are going to be replaced, I sometimes squeeze the shoulders with vise grips.

    If the hammers are somewhat flat in the strike area from a lot of use without shaping, I've found that vodka will raise a bump at each end of the string grooves, where the felt has been compressed instead of flaking off, like in the middle of the string grooves. A light shaping with a hammer file after the vodka has soaked in will restore the shape, assuming one hasn't used so much vodka that the hammers are deformed.

    Before using "hammer softener", I'd want to know what is in it, because anything which doesn't evaporate will end up in the hammer indefinitely. Vodka has the benefit of removing itself within an hour or so, leaving only the softening texture change in the wool. It's also non-toxic to breathe.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon



  • 3.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 12-24-2016 17:09

    David

    Instead of using chemicals to soften the hammers, have you considered steam voicing? It will soften the tone immediately, and it's reversible. It's not a permanent solution to very bright hammers, but the treatment will last long enough to get you to the new set of Steinway hammers you want to put on.

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    Willem "Wim" Blees, RPT
    Mililani, HI 96789



  • 4.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 12-24-2016 17:21

    David,

    I believe you're correct. The hammers are too hard for these pianos. My gut feeling is, whatever you do will not satisfy your customer and you may make things worse with these softening techniques. There is another caveat possibly looming over the horizon. If and when you have the opportunity to replace those hard hammers, keep in mind that the technician who made the ill decision to install hard hammers on a vintage piano may not have recognized that the soundboard had inadequate crown, even though you can measure some crown. A soundboard with inadequate crown will manifest with a limited dynamite range. A shallow crown can't handle high energy levels. Too much energy is lost as impact noise. Be prepared to be mildly disappointed post new hammer install.

    Roger Gable

    ------------------------------
    Roger Gable
    Gable Piano
    Everett WA
    425-252-5000



  • 5.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 12-25-2016 01:16

    What kind of hammer and how heavy? If you have to use hammer softener it's the wrong hammer. Hammer softeners will make it softer and also duller with diminished ability to get high partial development. If you're lucky you'll get a dull thud.

    Older, flatter boards need softer and lighter hammers with lots of resilience and spring not dull wads of dead felt.

    Put on the right set of hammers and don't waste anymore time or money.

    ------------------------------
    David Love RPT
    www.davidlovepianos.com
    davidlovepianos@comcast.net
    415 407 8320



  • 6.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 12-25-2016 15:15

    Thanks for all your replies!

    Susan, I didn't plan on using any alcohol unless that is what is in the PianoTek product. I have filed the hammers lightly and didn't require removing too much material. I have heard of using Vodka for strike point voicing but I have not experimented yet. 

    Wim, I have had some good success with the steam voicing in the past. I have had to do return visits on some sets that Ineeded to be re-touched and I find it a bit hard to get an even response without having to do some needle work.  

    Roger, The "B" model has a bad soundboard and my client knows that it is what should be done to both instruments. She wants them voiced anyway for the interim regardless of the malfunctioning components. You know how customers are and how they want improvements without having the cost for doing it right. I have been making NO promises to her about the tonal issues with chemical repairs other than my proposal for needed component restoration repairs.  She recently bought, a third, used 1921 model "O" with all original parts. She loves the tone, sustain and the quality of having the right hammers for the Steinway and I say to her again that it stands to reason for us to schedule the belly repairs. Also have briefed her that even with new hammers the instrument will only perform as well as the soundboard can. 

    David, They look like Renner's to me but I'm not exactly sure. They could've used more of a full taper and some judicious arc molding removal remove some weight as the touch could use some evening improvements. I like your comments and I feel i should proceed with some small amounts at either end of the hammer strike string pattern and see what results I can get without soaking the life out of it. She has agreed to do the new hammers but needs to wait as there is a funds issue.

    I appreciate everyone comments. 

    ------------------------------
    David Chadwick
    Coshocton OH
    702-205-6264



  • 7.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 12-26-2016 00:10

    David, I have found vodka voicing to be quite safe and controllable, if you start very slowly, feeling your way. You have to be aware that it is not totally reversible if you use a lot of vodka or if you repeat it several times.

    Slowly, as in one or two drops right in the string grooves. See what you get. You just want to put a trace of cushion in the sound at piano and mezzo-piano, while leaving the harder core to kick in when playing louder. I don't trust big changes, and for me steam works way too fast and sinks too deep into the hammer.

    I particularly like using a drop or two of vodka in the top octave, where the felt is thin and usually rock hard from juicing. It can temper that knife-edged hard as nails sound without harming the thin felt and without removing the focus and general brightness in the tone. I don't favor doing it over and over again, but you usually don't need to.

    I use vodka when one short needle doesn't quite do enough. The combination of the two can give a lot of evenness at lower dynamic levels, without taking the focus from the sound, or gutting the louder tone.

    There's a little trick Ted Sambell showed me once, in case a few notes are softer or fluffier than their neighbors. It has the virtue of being fast and temporary, but it can do a job in the short term. Choose a note softer or less focused than those around it. Press the string about halfway back with a finger across all three strings, firmly. Then with the other hand, play the note hard a half dozen times. It can put back some focus. One very nice thing about the technique is that the shift voicing isn't affected, as it is when a technician pulls the action out and whacks on the end of the hammer with the back of the voicing tool.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon



  • 8.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 12-27-2016 09:30

    Susan, 

    After looking into more of the archives about this I am leaning more to the Vodka application. I suppose that a multi distilled brand would be preferable to the cheap stuff. Some 5 times distilled Grey Goose or Svedka perhaps. Also, doing some shoulder squeezing that I discovered from a Bill Spurlock class years ago, and also mentioned in a archived (Ballistol thread) should be employed to break the shoulder tension slightly.  I also use the Ted Sambell method of packing the string grooves slightly for massaging the attack a bit and not disturbing the shift strike point. As you mentioned, big changes are not welcome. This should put the voice my client is asking for and should last for a year before she is ready for the newer hammers. Thanks for your insights. 

    ------------------------------
    David Chadwick
    Coshocton OH
    702-205-6264



  • 9.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 12-28-2016 01:08

    <grin> Sure, I'm certain the piano will care about whether the alcohol is a five-star brand!

    This is a more subtle than usual iteration of the universal joke after I write about vodka voicing: "a drink for the piano, a drink for the tuner, a drink for the piano ..." etc.

    Having no temptation at all to drink the piano vodka (it's not exactly Oregon pinot noir), I buy 190 proof bulk alcohol at the liquor store and cut it half and half with tap water, right in the dropper bottle. A fifth of the 190 proof usually lasts me several years, even when I use some to make great shellac from flakes. The low cost is another good result of not soaking whole hammers in the stuff.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon



  • 10.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Posted 12-28-2016 03:36

    If you fear lycanthropic consumption, the poisoned form of alcohol is readily available at the major DIY warehouses to-day. It was not always so. Used to need an apothecary to get denatured alcohol...

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    Benjamin Sloane
    Cincinnati OH
    513-257-8480



  • 11.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Posted 03-08-2017 01:18
    Susan,

    I appreciate your tip on vodka. I went to the store today to buy the 190 Clear Spring brand you use, but they don't carry it. The clerk suggested another equivalent: 190 Gem Clear Grain Alcohol U.S.P.  Since it isn't labeled vodka, I'm wondering if I got the right stuff.

    Thanks

    David Bauguess

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    David Bauguess
    Grand Junction CO
    970-257-1750
    ------------------------------



  • 12.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-09-2017 00:25
    Sounds like the same stuff, David. When I was in high school, the brand was Everclear. (People would spike the punch at dances with Everclear, but somehow never dances I went to.)  Clear Spring is probably just another brand, like your Gem Clear Grain Alcohol U.S.P. "U.S.P." is always a reassuring thing to see after some substance or medicine. U.S. Pharmacopeia, old traditional medicines which often worked and didn't cost an arm and a leg. Spirit of Peppermint, USP, etc.

    The important thing is that it's pure 190 proof ethanol, not denatured, non-toxic, fit for human consumption -- though be aware that it's flammable and that if you want to drink it you must dilute it first. It would burn your mouth and throat something fierce undiluted.

    Keep it very well capped, so that humidity from the air doesn't contaminate it. It makes superb shellac from flakes, which also needs to be kept well capped. I keep mine (ultrablonde) in an old herbal tincture dropper bottle, and it lasts for years. I sometimes voice high treble hammers with it. One has to make sure, of course, that the particular herbal tincture wasn't highly colored.

    I've heard that in some states buying 190 proof ethanol is illegal. One can only buy bulk alcohol there in a more dilute form (not good for shellac.)

    190 proof also is excellent for alcohol lamps (medical) or the kind from Schaff with a long spout for burning in shanks. (Joel Rappaport did tell us at a meeting, though, "one is not supposed to BURN the shanks."  <grin>

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------



  • 13.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-28-2017 21:06
    Q1: Is it the alcohol or the water that is doing the work?

    Q2: Is Isopropyl alcohol OK? I have both 70% and 99%.
           Q2a: If yes, I should cut by about 50% water, yes?
           Q2b: If no, why?





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    Geoff Sykes, RPT
    Los Angeles CA
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  • 14.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Posted 03-28-2017 21:25
    I use 70% isopropyl in a very light spray, just barely dampening the surface.
    The alcohol leads the water into the felt, giving an effect similar to very, very light steaming.

    ------------------------------
    Ed Sutton
    ed440@me.com
    (980) 254-7413
    ------------------------------



  • 15.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-29-2017 10:49

    It's the water.  The alcohol simply breaks the surface tension so the water can penetrate. 

     

    David Love

    www.davidlovepianos.com

     






  • 16.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-29-2017 11:10
    Have the opportunity to try this today. Thanks for the quick replies. 

    Why alcohol to break the surface tension? I would think that a single drop of a mild dish washing soap in, say, a cup of water would accomplish the same thing.

    ------------------------------
    Geoff Sykes, RPT
    Los Angeles CA
    ------------------------------



  • 17.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Posted 03-29-2017 17:35
      |   view attached
    In the tuning kit, a 3 oz. spritz bottle from the drug store, bottle of 70% isopropyl in the car to refill.
    Hold your hand behind the hammers to catch the overspray. 
    30 second touch-up voicing.

    ------------------------------
    Ed Sutton
    ed440@me.com
    (980) 254-7413
    ------------------------------



  • 18.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-29-2017 20:58
    Actually, no, the soap wouldn't do the same thing, plus it would stay around contaminating the hammer felt.

    The alcohol lowers the viscosity of the water, and then it kindly evaporates, its job done.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------



  • 19.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-30-2017 20:26
    Susan,

    190 proof is not available in New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont or MA. I've been told I need to go to Connecticut.  Bummer.

    My question to you is, since the stuff is supposed to be odorless (the strong fumes normally associated with alcohol come from the poisonous substances they add to discourage you from drinking it), do you think this might actually be the active alcohol in Pianotek's hammer softener? It is odorless (at least to my nose). Naturally they are not printing the ingredients on the bottle.

    What do you think?

    Pwg

    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    603-686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 20.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-30-2017 21:33
    Hi, Peter

    Some states don't allow the 190 proof, but you could probably buy 100 proof bulk alcohol, good for everything except making shellac, and cheaper than real vodka.

    The thing about using a company's proprietary mixture is that I don't know what is in it. I'd rather use simple substances, knowing what they are. Just my way, I suppose ...

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------



  • 21.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-31-2017 08:29
    Susan,

    Yes, I actually do want it primarily for shellac. I had been informed about this even prior to this discussion but I am now more interested in tracking the stuff down to see how much better my shellac can work. Plus, the toxicity and fumes of methanol and all the other stuff they denature it with bother me. 

    Pwg 

    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    603-686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 22.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-31-2017 12:06
    Yes, when I researched methanol and found out that small children had died from drinking only a tablespoonful of it, I decided that there's no reason for anything other than potable ethanol -- though I imagine isopropyl would be all right, too. The EPA got most of the methanol out of denatured, but I see no reason to tolerate any of it.

    You'll love the shellac. Just keep it tightly capped, and it will last and last, as well. You can make a field trip to a state which will allow you to buy 190 proof. A fifth goes quite a long way.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------



  • 23.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-10-2017 22:54
    Susan,

    Just found out that Everclear 190 is legal in MA. I picked some up. Huge difference in making and using shellac.  I am shocked at how much better it is. Soon to mix for softening.

    Pwg

    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    603-686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 24.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-11-2017 00:13
    Fantastic! Our experiences with 190 proof shellac from flakes are the same. And it's amazing how long the shellac lasts, as well, if the bottle is kept tightly sealed.

    ------------------------------
    Susan Kline
    Philomath, Oregon
    ------------------------------



  • 25.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Posted 03-31-2017 06:28
    Peter - this sounds like a good excuse for a 'home still' - or is this still frowned upon? :)   Michael   UK





  • 26.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 03-31-2017 08:24
    Michael, 

    I have thought about it, but decided it's more trouble than it's worth.

    Pwg

    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    603-686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 27.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Posted 12-28-2016 04:46
    There's also the Roger Jolly method of steaming hammers. I have used this method many times - and each time thank Roger for this.
    Michael    UK





  • 28.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-06-2017 07:49

    David:

    You might also want to look into another method of dealing with it...riblets on the soundboard. You can get them from Darrell Fandrich and I have been pleasantly surprised at there effectiveness in evening things out across the board and rounding and mellowing the tone. They work by restoring some stiffness to the soundboard as well as adding a little weight. This increases the impedance of the board which then requires more energy to make it talk, which energy you have available with the extra hard hammers.

    I would not hesitate to install a complete set of riblets on that soundboard. The nice thing too is that if you don't like it you can just take them off. However, once you start experimenting with these things, I guarantee you will like it and might even decide to start making them yourself as I do now.  Excellent article in the Journal several years ago on this topic...weights and riblets, etc. Soundboard voicing is something we all need to learn more about. Believe it or not, even front duplex noise can be affected with this method.

    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    603-686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com



  • 29.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Member
    Posted 03-31-2017 11:54
    Why not go for new hammers now instead of trying to deal with hammers that have already been compromised ? If I read correctly you are going back every quarter and doing this to both pianos ? Maybe the better course is to get new hammers on one of the instruments now. How good was the rebuild ? are you doing all new hammers/shanks/flanges ? Beware because I had a client here with an 1856 Steinway that had been rebuilt. Someone put a permafree action (aka Teflon) in and recovered the keys with plastic mother of pearl. The Pitman dowel was also missing and the client had the piano 4 years here before calling me to tune for a Christmas party the next evening..

    ------------------------------
    James Kelly
    Pawleys Island SC
    843-325-4357
    ------------------------------



  • 30.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-13-2017 13:06
    Before ditching the hammers it is always a good idea to "get aggressive" with the needles. Check out this video from a training at the Hamburg Steinway factory:
    Steinway Academy Voicing
    YouTube remove preview
    Steinway Academy Voicing
    A group of students voicing in the traditional manner at the Steinway Hamburg Academy
    View this on YouTube >

    I'm not necessarily recommending exactly what you see in the video, but it is not unusual for me to do 20 or 30 jabs in each shoulder starting at 10 and 2 o'clock and working up towards the crown, angling the needles away from the "power triangle" as i approach the 12 o'clock position. It's hard work and I've been trying to develop my left hand technique more so that my right arm can have a bit of a break here and there. It's the "jack hammer" approach. But it's also traditional and controllable. 

    André Oorebeek's book "the Voice of the Piano" is a great reference, if you haven't already read it. 

    I find I get the most stable results by "overdoing" it, and then bringing it back up somewhat by ironing and pounding. It is very important to communicate with the client and tell them there is a playing in period and they will need to give themselves a few weeks settle the felt and get used to it. I also tell them that voicing, like tuning, cannot be stabilized in one appointment if it is in a neglected condition. Setting expectations is a big part of the job. Every piano is a work in progress. 



    ------------------------------
    Ryan Sowers
    Olympia WA
    360-705-4160
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  • 31.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-14-2017 16:04
    Just wondering:
    I've had one tech recommend squeezing the hammers with a parallel pliers as a good initial voicing procedure. It would seem to me to cup the strike point, but I'm wondering if anyone else makes standard use of this as opposed to needling or chemicals.

    ------------------------------
    Scott Cole
    Talent OR
    541-601-9033
    ------------------------------



  • 32.  RE: Hammer Softener Applications

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-14-2017 18:07
    I squeeze shoulders. I modified a pair of parallel pliers as shown to me by Darrell Fandrich to do the job. It can work pretty much the same as significant shoulder needling to improve sustain.

    You must experiment carefully  (go slow). See how that set reacts. If you like it keep on. If not...stop. I will usually pick the worst hammer in the bunch to try it out on and see if I get a good reaction. It is definitely possible to thoroughly kill a hammer this way by getting too close to the strike point and squeezing too hard, so be careful.

    How it works depends on how the hammers are made (heat vs low heat), and what felt was used.

    Others may have more specific information, but these pliers are part of my voicing kit.

    Pwg

    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    603-686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------