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How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

  • 1.  How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Posted 10-08-2014 19:13
    One of my clients is a piano teacher. She owns a Yamaha Grand that I've been tuning regularly.
    She also happens to have a harpsichord that's considerably out of tune.
    I've opened it up and found that the tuning pins are tiny. I thought perhaps I could tune it with a simple socket and ratchet. 
    But I tune pianos using an Accu-tuner and don't know if it would be capable of tuning a harpsichord. 
    I was wondering if anyone has ever tuned a harpsichord and how you went about doing so.

    Thanks.
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    Gary Howell
    Melbourne FL
    [http://www.cranecreekpianos.com/]
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  • 2.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Posted 10-08-2014 19:25
    Gary-
    Get a copy of The Harpsichord Owner's Guide by Edward Kottick.
    Read it and decide if you want to gear up for harpsichord service.
    They are delicate and if you break something when tuning, you need to be ready to fix it.
    That means you also need to know what the harpsichord needs to do to play well.
    If you get good at it, you will tune for the Messiah every December.


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    Ed Sutton
    Editor
    Piano Technicians Journal
    ed440@me.com
    704-536-7926
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  • 3.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-08-2014 19:43
    I have never used the accutuner for a harpsichord but if I did I would try not doing an FAC but just taking a temperament octave straight with zero offset and doing the rest by ear. Make darn sure you know what tuning pin you are on, strings break very easily. You don't need mutes, tune the lower 8' solo, then the upper 8' and the 4' to it and then turn everything on and check octave and unisons. I like Frank Hubbards little book ( harpsichord tuning and repair? Ed, do you remember what it's called? I don't have it handy) to start with as well. And the little Jorgenson Temperament by Ear pamphlet is also a good beginning. Good luck and learn how to make loops on site :)


    ---Dave

    Sent from my phone, forgive thumb typing!




  • 4.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Posted 10-08-2014 20:21
    Hubbard's book is called Harpsichord Regulating and Repairing. Get it from Hubbard Harpsichords. A neophyte undertaking a tune a harpsichord for a customer had better be sure there is a good supply of forgiveness on hand. Also a good idea to have a wide variety of replacement string wire in your kit. ------------------------------------------- Ed Sutton Editor Piano Technicians Journal ed440@me.com 704-536-7926 -------------------------------------------


  • 5.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-08-2014 20:44
    You will need a harpsichord tuning hammer, either T handle or gooseneck. I believe Schaff carries both. Definitely do not use FAC with the Accutuner for a harpsichord. It has default minimums for inharmonicity that are WAY above what is wanted. Zero cents for the fundamental will probably work fine. I did an aural tuning, refined it, then read it and saved many years ago. No notes have an offset as high as 3¢, most are between zero and 2¢. It is better to use 2nd or 4th partial for the bass to get a clearer reading. You can do that by simply tuning octave 1 with the machine set to octave 2 or 3, and so forth.

    You will find that the pins turn much easier than on a piano. Finger action as opposed to arm. Stability is all in hammer work - no hard blows to help with rendering across the nut (the wooden bridge in front of the tuning pins).

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    Fred Sturm
    University of New Mexico
    http://fredsturm.net
    "When I smell a flower, I don't think about how it was cultivated. I like to listen to music the same way." -Federico Mompou
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  • 6.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Posted 10-09-2014 10:06
    "Definitely do not use FAC with the Accutuner for a harpsichord. It has default minimums for inharmonicity that are WAY above what is wanted. "

    Hello Fred -  When the Accu-Tuner III came out in 1997, the lower limit for FAC numbers is 0.1.  So you can measure the FAC stretch numbers from a harpsichord with an Accu-Tuner III or Accu-Tuner IV, create an FAC tuning and tune the harpsichord.  As you noted, the stretch numbers will be much lower than a piano, other harpsichord tuners have used stretch numbers of 0.5 for all three stretch numbers and had positive feedback.

    Gary has an Accu-Tuner IV, so he will have no problem creating an FAC tuning for a harpsichord.
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    Paul Sanderson
    Inventronics, Inc.
    Tyngsboro MA
    978-649-9040
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  • 7.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-09-2014 11:30
    Paul,
    I based my statement about FAC on SATII, which I should have noted (I have only used that model). I will mention, though, that SATII would accept any number for F, A or C as an input. But it would generate a tuning based on the input that was consistent with a much higher number if the numbers entered were low. I assumed that it was defaulting to a minimum number for each input. I experimentally entered a wide range of numbers, and found that the minimum "actual input" (derived from the tuning numbers generated) was more in the range of 5 (if I entered 1 1 1 , 2 2 2, etc.). 

    I guess you are saying the FAC program changed significantly with SATIII?

    BTW, as we are talking about tuning a harpsichord with an ETD, I'll mention that I have had great difficulty getting RCT to do a reading on A5 for most harpsichords, meaning I can't generate a tuning. In fact, though, I'd rather not use the partials RCT would choose, so it is best to either use their pre-loaded harpsichord files or create your own. And really a zero tuning works fine. To refine, tune zero fundamentals in the temperament octave, then read the appropriate partial of lower and upper octaves of the already tuned notes in order to expand. You've tuned F3 - F4. For F#4, play F#3 and measure its 2nd (F#4) partial, Enter and tune to that. When you get to F#5, play F#3 and measure its 4th (F#5) partial. Enter and tune. Do the analogous but inverted process for the bass direction. In that case, though, you need to follow the program's instructions for how to assign the tuning partial for the bass note if you want to store it.

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    Fred Sturm
    University of New Mexico
    http://fredsturm.net
    "When I smell a flower, I don't think about how it was cultivated. I like to listen to music the same way." -Federico Mompou
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  • 8.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-09-2014 05:46
    Gary,
    I use my AccuTuner for the one harpsichord I care for.  It's an 1990 Eric Herz with the aluminum wafered soundboard.  The readings are wicked low F1.5  A.05  C.04.  I had talked with Saundersons about undertaking this before I actually tuned it the first time.  I'm also very careful of this tuning.

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    Ruth Van Dine
    Warwick RI
    401-921-2456
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  • 9.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-09-2014 05:59
    ...and of course, you can always tune it by ear (possibly using and ETD's recommendations as a point of departure), and then enter that tuning into a page of memory in your ETD for future reference. 

    If the tuning pins look like miniature piano tuning pins, then they are probably zither pins, for which there is a tuning key made ("T"-shaped). It is inexpensive and well worth the nominal cost in terms of tuning ease and control.

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    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
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  • 10.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-09-2014 06:49

    Gary, I would invest in a harpsichord tuning lever. It's the right tool for the job.

    Next, go to www.rollingball.com. This is Jason Kanter's excellent site on Historical Temperaments. I've been using the Young Well Temperament on the harpsichords I care for. 
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    -Phil Bondi
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  • 11.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Posted 10-10-2014 08:22
    I  still use Accu-Tuner 2, and FAC 2, 2, 2,  works beautifully for the many h'schords I maintain IF they want  it in ET. Many other things to check before  you start in though, eg is it a h'schord that  can shift down one position to  A=415, or 2 positions to A=390?. re George Harrison...'Take Care, Beware.........

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    Martin Snow
    Boston MA
    617-543-1030
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  • 12.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Posted 10-10-2014 09:58
    Gary,

    You received very good advice from the great folks who take the time to help on the my ptg. org. I have only tuned about three harpsichords in my 100 years :-) of tuning and I probably can't find the little tuning lever I used, it is probably in one of the ten black attaché cases in the back of my tuning vehicle. It also worked well on autoharps.  Most harpsichords have a tuning hammer laying inside them or in the bench. I've seen harpsichord players pull out a tuning hammer and touch up strings during intermissions just like a harp player does. Many harpsichord players build their own instruments and don't need your services. I do remember one that was way out of tune that a good friend and neighbor owned. He was a hiking buddy and his daughter was one of my piano students.  I spent considerable time donating my services to the aural tuning and working parts of his harpsichord. It was one of those many on the job learning experiences and that was a good thing since I didn't have an EDT and  have only used an Accu- tuner for the last 14 years and probably would leave it in my vehicle today, if someone asked me to tune their harpsichord.  I remember one time I had to help a harpsichord player tune and install a string. I was the tenor in a six voice group and we were in the middle of a recording session making a recording called France Views America, which was to be played as background music for a traveling exhibit at major museums across the USA and Canada. He was in a panic when a string broke, he knew how to tune it but had never replaced a string. The recording technicians were not happy with the delay in the session and that put additional pressure on him.  Fortunately, I drove my work car to the session and it had all my tuning stuff. I went out onto the cobblestone street and brought my stringing kits into the historic hall and was able to restring the note and tune it to his satisfaction. Fortunately it was a big harpsichord and I had a piano string that would fit that note.
    I was already uncomfortable from singing in French, that I didn't understand, so the last thing I needed was to mess up this expensive harpsichord. Later I thought I had displeased the group, with either my singing or my tuning work, but after a month or more wait I did get my check for the recording session and a verification of my signed release of the recording.
    Good luck to you!

    Bob


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    Robert Highfield
    Lancaster PA
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  • 13.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Posted 10-10-2014 16:04
    Bob-

    Just to be clear, you were very lucky you did not damage the harpsichord.
    Harpsichords and pianos have no strings in common.
    Harpsichords are more fragile than pianos.
    String breakage is common. Sometimes strings break spontaneously when the humidity goes up. Certain bass strings break after a few pitch adjustments. A professional needs to be ready to deal with this.

    A piano technician who is interested in early music and instruments can become a good harpsichord technician with a few hundred hours of study and practice. Having a spouse or friend with a harpsichord, or building your own is a good way to start. You won't get rich but you will have fun, and get lots of free tickets to the Messiah.

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    Ed Sutton
    Editor
    Piano Technicians Journal
    ed440@me.com
    704-536-7926
    -------------------------------------------




  • 14.  RE: How Do I Tune a Harpsichord?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 10-13-2014 07:49
    Hi all,

    Before starting at Univ of Nebraska in '06, I had tuned only 1 harpsichord before watched over very carefully by Mike Reiter.  It took several years at UNL until I felt comfortable with them.  Very finicky little devils.  I wouldn't touch one unless you have plenty of replacement wire, spare plectra etc.  anything can and does happen with them.

    Now at Univ of SC, we have some, but a retired faculty loves to work on them, so I'm off the hook!


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    Paul T. Williams RPT
    Director of Piano Services
    School of Music
    813 Assembly St
    University of South Carolina
    Columbia, SC 29208
    pwilliams@mozart.sc.edu
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