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S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

  • 1.  S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-18-2021 23:04

    Hello everyone,

    I am concerned I will wind up with higher than comfortable inertia. 

    I am working on a S&S B. I have hung new hammers on new shanks.

    The piano is 15-20 years old but was in fairly good shape. It was in a nice cathedral style church with a good pianist who was pleased with the instruments touch and tone. As an aside to this post there was a repetition issue which made us decide to replace hammers, shanks and back checks.

    I have hung new S&S hammers on new shanks. I trim, bore, and taper them myself and they progress in weight pretty evenly. Dimensionally  they are 11mm at the felt and middle of molding and then taper to 8mm at end of tail. Hammer Pinning is 3g from factory. Old pinning was 2g and less if I remember correctly.  Wippen pinning is about 2g. I'm Keeping wippens.

    The original set up from the factory was low on the Stanwood chart and is now at the top of middle. I expected to have plenty of head room because of the low original weight but it looks like I'll be at top-middle in the Stanwood chart which is the bottom of concert weight. As an example note 51 is as follows: SW was 8.4g and now is 10.1. FW was and still is 13.4g  (very low as far as anything I have been able to read and understand. Correct me if I am wrong). Only 2 leads with a chaser in the bass. DW/UW was 54/35 and is now 62/40. Friction on all samples is an average of 12g. This note is the average example for all my samples. 

    I have experimented with possibly lightening the hammers but I don't see a way to remove 1-2 grams. I think I can get 0.5 gram. I have tried to trim sides to less than 11mm, considered thinning tail thickness but don't want to make them weak and it seems I would have to take off a fair amount. Treble shanks are already thinned by the factory.

    To get balance weight down I need to add key leads in any case as far as I understand.

    Here are some questions:

    1. Can the piano have a lovely touch with a slightly high DW if the BW and inertia are comfortable?
    2. Any suggestions for proceeding?
    3. What does replacing brass capstans with WNG to lighten things up accomplish? I have a colleague who has done this. It would lower DW but not strike weight. But what about inertia?

    I might be looking at all the numbers cross eyed too or inexperience might be leading me astray.

    Thanks!

    Daniel



    ------------------------------
    Daniel Achten
    Chattanooga TN
    423-760-2458
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 00:43

    Let's look at your note 51 example. 


    Original BW 44.5.  (54/35)
    New BW 51.  (62/40)
    FW 13.4. (Maximum FW ~25)

    What this means is that your original BW was high but the Action Ratio:SW relationship was pretty good.  In the original setup, if you dropped the BW to a midrange like 37, then you would have to raise the FW by 7.5 grams giving you a new FW of ~21 (13.4 +7.5). That is 84% of FW maximum and pretty ideal. 

    But now you've installed a new hammer which is almost two grams heavier. Now you have a BW of 51 and to reduce that to 37 you would have to raise the FW by 14 grams to 27.4. Now you are 110% off FW maximum. 

    What that basically means is that your action ratio to strike weight relationship is now poor. You have to either reduce the action ratio or the SW.  Assuming your AR is about 5 that means that removing .5 grams from the SW would reduce your balance weight by 2.5 grams. Transferring that to the FW it means to maintain a 37 BW you could lower the FW to 25 grams which is now 100% of FW maximum. That means your inertia would be on the high side but acceptable. I would probably prefer an action ratio lowering to get the FW down to 85% of maximum but this will be ok.  

    When it comes to determining the BW recall that the DW simply means the minimum force required to actuate the key. The actual force required to "play" the key will vary depending on the degree to which the hammer is accelerated. More acceleration requires more force.  So where you set the BW is less important than the SW AR relationship which determines inertia, or the resistance to acceleration.

    A lower BW means that the player will be able to play pianissimo with less effort (lower BW low acceleration) than with a higher BW. At fortissimo it won't make much difference. 



    ------------------------------
    David Love RPT
    www.davidlovepianos.com
    davidlovepianos@comcast.net
    415 407 8320
    ------------------------------



  • 3.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 02:59
    BTW changing the capstans to WNG might give you a gram or two but will do nothing significant for inertia.

    ------------------------------
    David Love RPT
    www.davidlovepianos.com
    davidlovepianos@comcast.net
    415 407 8320
    ------------------------------



  • 4.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 07:59
    Daniel,

    Have you tried swapping out one or two of the original whippens with a current issue whip to see what (if any) difference is made?  (There is a slight difference dimensionally).

    Also, I assume that your measurement of SW on note 51 was done AS IS meaning moderately worn parts. Have you attempted to project what the SW etc would have been when the piano was new? I would expect it to have been heavier. Just an observation. 

    Pwg

    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    603-686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 5.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Posted 07-19-2021 08:55
    I weighed the old hex-style capstan and compared it to the WNG capstan. The original capstan weighed 4.8 grams and the WNG weighed 1.8 grams. That 3 g difference translates to 1.5 g thru KR (Reducing BW 1.5 g; DW .75 g). Installation tests showed that the WNG capstan lowered friction between 1~3 grams. So by replacing the capstans, only a modest advantage is realized and not worth replacing for the sake of replacing ( BW 1.5 g, DW 1.25g ~ 2.25g)

    However, if capstan relocation is involved, install the WNG for the biggest bang for the buck.
    ------------------------------
    Regards,

    Jon Page
    mailto:jonpage@comcast.net
    http://www.pianocapecod.com
    ------------------------------



  • 6.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Posted 07-19-2021 12:30
    Let me correct some of my errant (pre-caffinated) math.
    >That 3 g difference translates to 1.5 g thru KR (Reducing BW 1.5 g; DW .75 g).

    It will also lower the UW & DW by 1.5 grams, as the whole moves enmass.

    As for the friction's contribution, BW will remain at the 1.5 g lower but UW & DW will converge 1 ~ 3 g beyond that. Since friction is reduced 1~3 g, UW & DW will each converge an additional .5 to 1.5 g.

    So the effect of replacing the capstan with a WNG capstan will effect a reduction in DW between 2 to 3 grams. (1.5 + .5 / 1.5).


    ------------------------------
    Regards,

    Jon Page
    mailto:jonpage@comcast.net
    http://www.pianocapecod.com
    ------------------------------



  • 7.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 12:47
    Thank you all,

    The AR is 5.6 at the moment. And Dip is already at 10-10.4mm. Knuckles are of coarse at 17mm. 

    I measured the old hammers and found their dimensions to be: crown 11m, molding at bottom of felt 9.5mm and end of tail 6.5mm. I trimmed one of mine to those dimensions to see how much weight will come off. 

    With all the trimming I have done I removed 0.6g. 

    How narrow can I trim the hammer width at the crown before running into trouble? Can I go as narrow as 10mm? I know this won't get me much more than I already have. 

    Also,  could I drill small holes in the molding like when inserting small weights? (But leave out the weights). 

    How about drilling a hole in the wippen heal? This might only amount to what a lighter capstan would accomplish. 

    I compared the original wippen dimensions to a new one I have on hand and the are identical both is dimension and weight. 

    Thanks for be WNG analysis! 

    After double checking everything it seems that my only good option is to reduce hammer weight some how.

    Yes the old hammers are moderately worn. They lost about 1/16" off the crown.  

    Thanks!
    Daniel

    ------------------------------
    Daniel Achten
    Chattanooga TN
    423-760-2458
    ------------------------------



  • 8.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 13:23
    Drilling holes in the hammer molding or in the wippens is  useless. You can't remove enough weight from the hammers to make a difference doing it that way, and you only get 1/2 of the weight that you remove from the wippen when seen through the key ratio plus the wippen contributes virtually nothing to inertia which is the bigger problem. You can probably taper the hammers to 10 mm but check the trichord string width to be sure.

    ------------------------------
    David Love RPT
    www.davidlovepianos.com
    davidlovepianos@comcast.net
    415 407 8320
    ------------------------------



  • 9.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Posted 07-19-2021 17:19
    Why not start the taper at the tip of the molding, the way some use to do?

    ------------------------------
    Regards,

    Jon Page
    mailto:jonpage@comcast.net
    http://www.pianocapecod.com
    ------------------------------



  • 10.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 18:42
    Hi Jon,

    Only because that's the way I was taught. But it also makes burning in the angled hammers easier for me. 

    But I decided to taper these like you mention this time from 10mm to 6.5 to get as much weight off of them as I can. 10mm will be enough to comfortably hit all the tri-chords. I also sanded away a little material at the coving to make the radius larger hopefully without weakening the tail. Not the thickness but the little nub that is left by the factory near the shank. 

    I have been able to take off between 0.5 and 1 gram so far.

    The troublesome  area is from note 54-mid 80's. So far most are coming down to under the high mid on the stanwood chart. I am leaving the last octave slightly above the mid high. 

    Daniel

    ------------------------------
    Daniel Achten
    Chattanooga TN
    423-760-2458
    ------------------------------



  • 11.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 19:27
    Mr. Achten,
    Perhaps it's time to examine first principles. Maybe the action was designed to compensate for "relatively" minor differences in hammer weight from one set to the next with individually weighted keys. Maybe you could re-weigh the keys temporarily to see how the piano plays without major modification to the action parts. I'm not disputing the usefulness of the Stanwood protocols or any of what Mr. Love has posted which is spot on as usual. Just suggesting that you might not want to spend time and money making major revisions for minor results.

    ------------------------------
    Karl Roeder
    Pompano Beach FL
    ------------------------------



  • 12.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 20:48
    Hi Karl,

    Thank your for an alternative perspective. I can feel the inertia in the 5th and 6th octaves which bothers me. but the keys are underweight. Perhaps you are correct. There is very little lead in them. I have been surprised at other pianos I liked that were not text book once I examined the details. 

    What do you suggest for reweighting the keys "temporarily"? 

    Daniel

    ------------------------------
    Daniel Achten
    Chattanooga TN
    423-760-2458
    ------------------------------



  • 13.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Posted 07-19-2021 20:56
    I have seen using the Mini Binder Clips (black) clamped to shanks - as a quick non-permanent way of 
    testing added weight effect on touch.

    Joël Weber





  • 14.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 21:09
    Hi Joel,

    I need to lower hammer weight :) key front weight is very low. So how might I temporarily add weight to the key front? I am trying to compensate for heavy hammers but going to try what Karl suggested tomorrow. Maybe i'll tape some weights to the key in the locations as if I were weighing them off. 

    Daniel

    ------------------------------
    Daniel Achten
    Chattanooga TN
    423-760-2458
    ------------------------------



  • 15.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Posted 07-19-2021 21:34
    Clearly, I was not paying attention !

    A penny weighs about 2.5 grams.  Maybe you could take keyslip off and lightly "stick" them to front of keys to
    see how piano plays?

    Joël Weber





  • 16.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-19-2021 21:40
    Mr Achten,

    I think you've got the idea. When you mentioned the number of leads in the bass it occurred to me that it was just barely more than the pre-leading Kluge does with the raw keyset on a model B. I think blue tape will work well. A little more invasive would be to try a 1/2 jiffy-lead screwed to the underside of the key.

    ------------------------------
    Karl Roeder
    Pompano Beach FL
    ------------------------------



  • 17.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-20-2021 08:20
    Daniel -
    For what it's worth, I've been doing a version of this on the keyboard I'm currenttly working on.  It's not new and will still be getting rebushed with some sanding, but, thus far, the visual effects have been minimal.  I use a dab of Roo Glue (one of the PVC-E replacements that were sold by Pianotek or Schaff) to attach weights to  top of key.  I'm not trying to hit the exact location at this point, but to try to feel the change.  They come off easily by twisting without removing any wood.  Glue remains somewhat rubbery, which, in this instance is good.

    I'll re-read thread, but wondered how new strike weight compared to original as derived from samples (of original) taken in areas of least wear.  Also, I'm assuming leading was not accelerated (thus leaded starting from the front), but perhaps you should add any additional experimental leading closer to the balance rail, just to mimimize inertail effect.


    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik [RPT]
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    917-589-2625
    ------------------------------



  • 18.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-21-2021 13:19
    Jon -
    Maybe have some more coffee and re-weigh the old capstans.  I have multiple samples of the hex fellows and they sit mostly at 7.5 grams, except for a few exceptions @ 8.2 grams.  How does the math work out then?​

    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik [RPT]
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    917-589-2625
    ------------------------------



  • 19.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-20-2021 09:29
    Hi, Daniel

    Just a question - how strong is the repetition spring? If it's stronger than it absolutely needs to be, it can affect touch weight by giving the sense of a "heavy touch", "hard to get started". Of course, proper drop is a pre-requisite for setting proper spring tension - along with all the other reg steps up to that point.

    Just a thought….

    Chuck

    ------------------------------
    [Chuck] [Cook] [RPT]
    [Cook's Piano Service
    [Griffin] [GA]
    [770-229-4298]
    [800-390-4298]
    ------------------------------



  • 20.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-20-2021 09:45
    Not unless you include escapement function as part of 'touchweight', which is not to say that it had no effect on the response.

    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik [RPT]
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    917-589-2625
    ------------------------------



  • 21.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-20-2021 10:42

    Another thought, Daniel


    Check the keyframe bedding and key height. I find that a lot of the time, the glides may be down too far giving a higher KH, or the KH may be set too high. Dead giveaway is number of cardboard/paper punching sunder front rail felt. I have found instances of both glides down too far and keys set too high. This sets the key front up higher creating the need for more effort to start the key moving. Getting the correct KH after correctly bedding the keyframe puts the key closer to horizontal, requiring less effort to start the move.

    After making sure the glides are set correctly, check KH. I have found S&Ss with 2-3/4" at the middle of the keyboard. Too high. I use business card(s) to shim under the back rail felt at the A3-E4 area, regulate a couple of notes to see what improvements there are. Usually get an even better regulation as well as less effort. 

    Haven't gone to MA to see David Starwood yet, but just relating my experiences.

    Chuck



    ------------------------------
    [Chuck] [Cook] [RPT]
    [Cook's Piano Service
    [Griffin] [GA]
    [770-229-4298]
    [800-390-4298]
    ------------------------------



  • 22.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-20-2021 18:03
    temporary key leading

    Daniel - some photos



    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik [RPT]
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    917-589-2625
    ------------------------------



  • 23.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Posted 07-21-2021 16:50
    There is great possibility you didn’t duplicate exactly AR , which might cause DW and BW increase. Could you measure old and new one? Would be reasonable to analyze it before capstan job as you might correct it by capstan reposition.

    Alexander Brusilovsky




  • 24.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-21-2021 21:37
    Alexander,

    Thank you for the the suggestion. I took 4 samples across the keyboard and got basically 5.6 AR. I took the AR with old set and new. With already a 10mm dip I assumed it was as good as I could get it without increasing Dip. Maybe I am wrong. Open to suggestions. Always learning. I may double check by another method of measurement though.

    David S.

    Thank you for those photos and the idea. I taped a bunch of leads on for this one and you were right. It felt acceptable. But after leading it still feels a little resistant at pianissimo. That could be me. I like a piano to have an easy and very quiet pianissimo. This will be in a large church so they may not play that quiet. Other than that the action plays and feels very nice. 

    I regret thinning the top 10 hammers from 11mm to 10mm. Even though they seemed heavy they had better tone before. But the belly is really forgiving on this one so I think i'll be ok. 

    Chuck,

    I tried the rep sting tension as you suggested. I feel what you are talking about. On this piano it will make a subtle difference. The key height is good.

    Thank you David love for the thread on Stanwood chart deviation. I have talked with other rebuilders that don't follow it either. There pianos are wonderful and exciting to play. It seems, like many things, there are things to take away and other to ignore. 

    When all is said and done I like the feel of the 5-6 octaves now even though they are a little high on FW but the 3rd octave is slightly uncomfortable at pianissimo which I didn't expect.

    My BW is about 40. DW A0 53g, C4 49g, E5-C88 48g. DW is about 20g spread, average of 12g friction. 

    Thanks for all the help!! 
    Daniel

    ------------------------------
    Daniel Achten
    Chattanooga TN
    423-760-2458
    ------------------------------



  • 25.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Posted 07-24-2021 13:24
    Only two sources of changing balance in simple leverage system - changing the weights or (and ) changing the ratio. You could have AR 5.1 with acceptable strike distance and key dip, assuming you positioned jack optimally and having after touch as little as necessarily for proper action functioning. If it still too heavy - your hammers are too big. You should have not more then 3 leads in the transition keys!

    Alexander Brusilovsky




  • 26.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Member
    Posted 07-22-2021 18:33
    Did you change the knuckle placement to 17mm?
    Measure the action ratio. depress a key 6mm and measure the hammer rise.
    If the action ratio is too high, You can move the capstans,,, move the knuckles or take 1 1/2 grams off the hammer weight to bring the DW back to 50 average.
    Lead is not a good option. You will give the player carpal tunnel






  • 27.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-22-2021 19:36
    Keith -
    A 20 year old piano would have already had 17mm knuckles.  I think that what Daniel said earlier: As an example note 51 is as follows: SW was 8.4g and now is 10.1. 
    is the most straightforward area to address. unless there is something genuinely in error with the original set up.

    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik [RPT]
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    917-589-2625
    ------------------------------



  • 28.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Member
    Posted 07-23-2021 10:37
    I didn't see the 20 year old part. I got in late on this discussion as I was soaking in some hot springs at 7,000 ft in the Sierras
    Since Steinway puts the key frame in and adjusts the stack to the case vs Yamaha which adjust the case to the action, poor action ratio might be the capstan placement. I think the B varies in length by a half an inch.
    Other wise the hammers are too heavy and or there isn't too much lead in the keys.and you can add more.

    I seem to having some issues making the site work properly. Something changed.

    ------------------------------
    Keith Roberts
    owner
    Hathaway Pines CA
    209-770-4312
    ------------------------------



  • 29.  RE: S&S New Hammer SW high. Help.

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 07-23-2021 11:59
    I plan to double check all my numbers soon. But last night I remeasured the KR. I took 4 samples across the keyboard and they all came out as a 5.1 ratio. If I understand correctly that's a good ratio. Maybe even low, as I have heard they 5.3-5.4 is ideal. Also, I mentioned before that my dip is already 10mm. So I am not surprised of the KR. 

    After taking so many measurements the only one not coming out well is the hammer weight. The hammers are 2 grams heavier than the originals. Giving some wear it still looks as though they are 1-1.5 g heavier. Plus they are at the top of the stanwood weight chart. 

    I see the only two options  as reduce the hammer weight or live with a little extra lead. It's not obnoxiously heavy with the lead in there but I do feel that pianissimo suffers. I have to focus to play very soft. It gets a simple pianissimo just not what I would like a S&S B to get. The dynamics up from there to double forte are great and I don't feel the weight isn't the lead. My hands don't get tired either. Also, the players may not need to go that soft. It's going into a cathedral style church. 

    Unless there is way to reduce hammer weight that I am unaware of I think I might have to live with this. 

     With other companies you can ask them for a general hammer weight. Correct me if I'm wrong, but with Steinway you get what you get. Is that right?  If Steinway will work with you I should've asked them to grab a set that's close to my originals. 

    Daniel

    ------------------------------
    Daniel Achten
    Chattanooga TN
    423-760-2458
    ------------------------------