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steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

  • 1.  steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 20 days ago

    Greetings,

    A client has a 1974 Steinway B with over-lacquered hammers. The most aggressive needling techniques have fallen short of attenuating the attack brightness sufficiently for the client's taste (his hearing is very sensitive). I mentioned to a colleague that there seem to be only two options at this point: wash out the lacquer with acetone or lacquer thinner, or replace the hammers with new ones that are all the way at the soft end of the tinal spectrum (e.g. Ronsen Bacons).

    This colleague suggested steaming the hammers. I have used steam successfully on inherently hard hammers (e. g., 1980's Yamahas) but have never tried it on hammers that have been hardened with lacquer. If steaming would work, it would be far less expensive and much faster than the other two options I have mentioned.

    Has anyone out there tried steaming over-lacquered Steinway hammers? And if so, what were the results?

    Thanks,

    Alan



    ------------------------------
    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 20 days ago
    Hi Alan,

    I have, in several similar situations. I learned it from a class done by Bruce Stevens and Steve Schell at a conference years ago. I recommend a conservative approach, with controllable amounts of moisture. I used wet T shirt material, fairly wrung out, a narrow strip (1/4") at top dead center on the hammers. Use a hot iron for a few seconds, level, to drive steam straight down and in - when the moisture is gone, it's gone, so you can't overdo it. Don't rock the iron, it can puff out the shoulders. Be prepared to do a light filing afterward if hammers look shaggy at all. (It's ideal to steam first, on a set of hammers that are flat on top and need a good filing anyway.) I would then go back and repeat on individual hammers or sections if it wasn't enough, or use cloth less wrung out. 

    My theory is that sheep's wool is like my hair, it curls up when it's damp. I felt like it revived some of the springiness or resiliency of the felt. Be aware that while hammers are still damp at all, it will sound like you went too far. With drying time and a tuning, a lot of sound will return, and may return unevenly. So do the steaming early in a service call and tuning. You can voice as normal if a few notes come back too much. 

    Let us know how it turns out! Plus, what's to lose? If the results aren't good enough, you still have your other options. 

    Kathy





  • 3.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 20 days ago

    Thanks, Kathy. I appreciate the benefit of your considerable experience. This is exactly the kind of input I was seeking!

    Best,

    Alan



    ------------------------------
    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
    ------------------------------



  • 4.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 20 days ago
    And I appreciate the fact that you resisted any impulse to comment on the use of a wet T shirt.

    See you soon Alan, in Arlington.

    Kathy




  • 5.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 20 days ago
    One more thought, use fairly clean old white T-shirt material. I hoarded them. I cut plain 1/4" strips but also cut off the hems, so I had 1/4" double thickness material where hardness was severe and I wanted more moisture to drive into the tops. I never tried a brightly colored cloth, so I'm not sure if it would bleed color or not. I also tried using smaller travel irons so one would fit in my kit. They work, but they cool off quickly so you need to wait during your work occasionally. If you don't hear a hiss when the iron goes on, you're not creating steam. The object is to drive it down below the top layer of felt to get more resiliency back into the hammer. I often found that with the hammer bouncing off the string more effectively, I got increased ring time in addition to nicer tone. 

    This isn't something I'd do on a concert stage piano but it's been useful with private clients, churches, over-used school pianos, even a few trade shows. 

    Kathy

    Sent from my iPhone





  • 6.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 19 days ago

    I would acetone-wash softer hammers rather than steam them, which can distort the felt and give it bulges.



    ------------------------------
    Mario Igrec, RPT, MM
    Chief Piano Technician, The Juilliard School
    http://www.pianosinsideout.com
    ------------------------------



  • 7.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Posted 19 days ago
    Hi-

    Interesting comments... and good discussion. I once tried a very thorough thinning wash of over-lacquered hammers once at the school. I used about a gallon of lacquer thinner, soaking them for a couple days then allowed it to dry out for a month before testing.  Ultimately, I considered that experiment a waste of time and never did it again.  I don't know if acetone would have given better results, but at this point it doesn't matter.  I have used steam, but with only temporary results. I learned the hard way that steam works best in low doses. There is no harm in repeating a relatively light treatment, but a heavy dose of steam will cup the surface of the hammer.  Filing and reshaping will help, but it's not the same.  

    If I had another opportunity to experiment, I think I would try a steam treatment first, followed by the single compass needle technique and pounding with a ball-peen hammer, that was demonstrated by Stanwood. 

    Best,
    d. 

    Dennis Johnson, R.P.T.
    Facebook.com/johnsonpianoservice
    (612) 599-6437  (cell)





  • 8.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 19 days ago
    Hi,

    I definitely agree that steaming puffs out the hammers. That's why I reached the practice of steaming a good shot straight down on the tops only. They do puff up but I always felt like that's because the felt fibers relaxed and "curled" a bit inside, even with lacquer coating them. I didn't want that puffing or the extra work in the shoulders and sides though. And I always planned a bit of filing afterward. Also, I did steaming first if I was going to file anyway, two birds, and all that. 

    In drastic cases, it's worth a "shot", there's little to lose. 

    Kathy

    Sent from my iPhone





  • 9.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 19 days ago
    In my experience, steaming (as described by Kathy - damp cloth with iron) made hammers sound "less bad" temporarily - IOW the objectionable attack harshness would be gone. Repeated application would make the crowns narrower. Similar tonal results can be accomplished with the compass point technique. But it is only a surface thing, and the piano loses more than it gains in expressive potential - it mostly muffles and makes the sound muddy.

    To get a good expressive tonal gradient - a hammer capable of creating colors and a piano capable of being orchestral - I have always returned to deep needling shoulders as the method I can count on. Washing out lacquer - soaking in a liquid bath as I described in an article in the June 2009 Journal - will make it possible to deep needle (and lacquered hammers respond well to deep needling procedures).

    When it comes to just reducing attack harshness, without making things muddy, I find that it is more effective, controllable, and precise to do crown needling using small sized needles, meaning #10 and #12. Their cross-sectional areas of those sizes is close to 1/2 and 1/3 that of #6, so they can penetrate all but the most solidly lacquered hammers with relative ease. They can be used directly in the grooves, or radially. They need to be well supported up to the point where they emerge from the tool, and generally no more than 3 - 4 mm long. They are particularly essential in the top octave or two to remove the edge without destroying the ring. 

    Attached are some photos from an article I have been trying to find time to finish, showing an easy way to make them. Popsicle sticks also work. 


    11BothSidesGlued.jpeg12LayOutNeedles.jpeg13JoinSides.jpeg14ClampVice.jpeg

    Regards,
    Fred Sturm
    fssturm@comcast.net
    Youtube Spotify Deezer Apple Amazon
    http://fredsturm.net
    www.artoftuning.com
    "Art lives from constraints and dies from freedom." Leonardo


















  • 10.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 19 days ago
    Just a little addendum to my last post.

    I experimented with steaming similar to what Kathy described that I learned from Roger Jolly: using a handkerchief that was wetted and wrung out, and using bushing sizing irons in a heat-controlled soldering iron to apply the heat/steam on either side of the crown. My notion was mostly to use this method for maintenance, as voiced hammers became harsh through use.

    I thought I like it at first, but it didn't hold up to repetition: the sound deteriorated and the crowns narrowed. 

    I had developed use of small needles to do una corda voicing, and so I adapted them for use to do in the groove crown maintenance voicing. It is fast, controlled, effective, and I have never had any inkling of wanting to return to the use of steam on hammers.

    Regards,
    Youtube Spotify Deezer Apple Amazon
    www.artoftuning.com
    http://fredsturm.net
    "We either make ourselves happy or miserable. The amount of work is the same." - Carlos Casteneda






  • 11.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 19 days ago
    To be clear, I haven't actually steamed any hammers in about 20 years. If Alan wanted to try it, there were a few practical tips for him.  I don't disagree with any of the other comments particularly. It was useful a few times. 

    Kathy

    Sent from my iPhone





  • 12.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 19 days ago

    What we're discussing here is the ability of steam to swell up a dense felt mass versus the extent to which over-lacquering has locked the fibers in place. I keep in mind this model of the different levels of resin-reinforcement of the felt mass.

    1. A light application will coat (or better, sheath) individual fibers, slowing down their elastic reaction to the collision with the string.
    2. A moderate dose will add to the above sheathing, by gluing fibers together where they touch (or are even, just close enough) neighboring fibers. This further anchors the fibers as two or more fibers get bundled into a larger, single one. Again the elastic reaction on which the hammer depends to get out of the way of the string it has just activated, is further reduced. 
    3. The worse case is when a massive dose of reinforcer is dumped into the hammer. On top of the sheathing and the glue-bundling, any remaining airspace between fibers is filled up. This is no longer a felt hammer. It's a solid object without any useful hammer-string elastic reaction.

    Steam could possibly fragment the sheathing, but is no match for the resin's strength once you get to the next two stages.



    ------------------------------
    William Ballard RPT
    WBPS
    Saxtons River VT
    802-869-3161

    "Our lives contain a thousand springs
    and dies if one be gone
    Strange that a harp of a thousand strings
    should keep in tune so long."
    ...........Dr. Watts, "The Continental Harmony,1774
    ------------------------------



  • 13.  RE: steaam over-lacquesred hammers?

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 18 days ago
    There is also a hammer softener solution for sale that you simply apply to the hammer, it doesn't have to be dipped in it. I'd follow it with some needling under the strike point, not straight in but from shallow angles coming from the front or back. Judiciously.

    However, if these hammers are pretty old, replacing seems the much preferred option and I'll explain below how to apply hardener so as not to cause this situation again in a new set of hammers.
    I'd also file the hammers and tidy up regulation and hammer travel / string mating first. Or confirm that all of this is in good shape. It's important to proceed this way rather than using voicing techniques to cover a lack of good foundational prep.

    The issue I found with steaming hammers is that due to the reduction of density of the felt from steaming, hammer wear and deep string grooves were accelerated rapidly to the point of premature hammer destruction.
    For the Acetone rinse I angle the action so that the hammers can drop nose-down into long, narrow trays. I have chicken feeding tins that serve the purpose.
    That being said, I have also found the Acetone wash also to be not entirely effective. And having to leave that much solvent to evaporate is a problem for a lot of spaces, even at a small shop.
    I've also applied solvent to the nose of hammers and then struck the key to send the hammer upward to strike a block of wood. The reasoning being to drive hardener away from the strike point.
    It is also worth noting that steaming a high tension hammer versus a low tension hammer will be different. And, the technique. Note that Kathy's description of steaming is the application of a very narrow, damp strip of cloth followed by the iron. That is a highly-controlled application. With highly-limited moisture, I think there is less risk of high hammer wear but it probably depends in the condition of the felt, how much it was needled and how much use the piano will have.
    The hammer softener in the bottle is something I've found effective. And it's not a harsh solvent. If I remember, I may have used it in staged applications to control the result. And it might have more of an effect on one style of hammer over another.

    Here's how I'd apply hardener to new low-tension style hammers:
    To accomplish this and still find needed brilliance in the treble, all the technician must do is build tone by applying lacquer low at the shoulders without flowing hardener into or directly under the strike point. And then, apply hardener, a lighter dilution, in the tiniest of drops to the individual string strike points where desired.
    That minimal application in my opinion is less likely to develop into the difficult situation of a Steinway piano with harsh tone, from a solid hammer full of lacquer everywhere.
    Also, if perchance a hammer should become too bright at the strike point with the minuscule drops of hardener application, I do not believe it will be too difficult to remove that hardener should it be necessary. But over time, that tiny bit of hardened area can also wear away in theory. At which point, the hammer will have likely also matured and have more compacted felt at the strike point, maintaining its tone. Yet without an excess of hammer hardener.
    Kind regards.
    Tom Wright, RPT
    1-240-383-9345