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Steinway knuckle spec

  • 1.  Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-21-2025 20:20

    I have a 1969/1970 B here with a center pin/knuckle core spec of 15mm. The shortest I've ever measured is 15.5mm and that is on very old ones with very light hammers. 

    Has anyone else encountered a 15mm spec on a Steinway anywhere?

    Incidentally, as you can imagine the touchweight is VERY high, over 70g in the bass and 60's elsewhere. Several hours of reconditioning today has brought it to about 60-65g bass and 60 or less elsewhere. The instrument is a POWERHOUSE and the owner is used to the weight and loves the power she can get out of it, but I was quite shocked to see this measurement on a piano of this vintage. Keys are leaded accordingly. 

    Anyway I'm just curious if this is a rare instance or just something I haven't ever noticed before. 🤔 

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-21-2025 21:09

    During that timeframe Steinway specs could vary greatly.   Have you checked the action spread?



    ------------------------------
    Parker Leigh RPT
    Winchester VA
    (540) 722-3865
    ------------------------------



  • 3.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-22-2025 10:23

    113mm  Pretty close I think...

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 4.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-23-2025 11:11

    I remember Rick Butler telling me that he had to use shanks and flanges with 15mm knuckles to correct terrible playability. Perhaps due to topstack geometry.

    Use a line card guage and calipers to more accurately measure action spread. You may need to indent pins slightly to due this.



    ------------------------------
    Parker Leigh RPT
    Winchester VA
    (540) 722-3865
    ------------------------------



  • 5.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-23-2025 11:53

    Update:

    In rummaging around in my parts drawer I actually found other (Renner) shanks with tge same 15mm spec, so I guess it's not as unusual as I thought. Anyway, a couple of days of recon work has improved the playability of the piano such that the owner is very pleased. Still, if I were to attempt to bring the touchweight down below 65g (where it is now) without adding more lead to the keys I think new shanks and all would be in order. 

    So far things are improving. She's happy, I'm happy...everybody's happy (at the moment). 😉 

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 6.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-23-2025 16:52

    What is the stack height, Peter?  Measure shank center pin height, whippen center pin height carefully. 



    ------------------------------
    William Truitt RPT
    Bridgewater NH
    (603) 744-2277
    ------------------------------



  • 7.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-23-2025 17:57

    Too late for that. Maybe next time.

    What I will say though is that the way that the jacks align with the knuckles, another .5mm to 1mm in the knuckle spec would serve them well. Alignment would be ideal, and I bet touchweight would come to near normal and some lead could be removed from the keys.

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 8.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-24-2025 04:13

    What is the knuckle alignment showing?  What do you see?

    Yup.  If you change the stack height, you will be doing a fair amount of re-regulation.  Even if you are not going to reset the stack height, it may be instructive to take the measurement and see what it is in this problem beast.  When I come to a problem piano even for just a regulation, I take the measure upfront before I begin.  More than once I have begun the regulation after resetting the height.  Most of the time, the stack is too low.  I can quick and dirty throw a maple veneer shim or two onto the top of the keyframe, regulate a note or two in that area; slide the action in, get some feedback, and proceed accordingly.  Sometimes this can make a night and day difference, others the change is small but still meaningful.  



    ------------------------------
    William Truitt RPT
    Bridgewater NH
    (603) 744-2277
    ------------------------------



  • 9.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-24-2025 08:00

    Will,

    Yes, that will be on the docket for the next round of improvement. Can you explain the actual function involved in raising the stack beyond what I would imagine is the position of the capstan relative to to the whippen cloth? I have not given this much thought over the years.

    Edit: the jacks are SLIGHTLY forward of 90 degrees. If the knuckles were at 16mm it would be 90 degrees. 

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 10.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-24-2025 08:56

    Peter Grey went: Can you explain the actual function involved in raising the stack beyond what I would imagine is the position of the capstan relative to to the whippen cloth? I have not given this much thought over the years.

    If you raise the stack, the combination of the higher capstan and shank center subtracts from the blow distance. So you need to back off on the capstan. 

    Parker went: "I remember Rick Butler telling me that he had to use shanks and flanges with 15mm knuckles to correct terrible playbility."

    Which begs the question, "what exactly was the terrible playability"? Was it "fly away hammers" (extremely light hammers on a high Strike Balance ratio, which accelerate so quickly that the pianist loses control of them)? Was it the extra "start-up costs" (inertia) from a set of 16# hammers? These two are opposite examples of unplayability. To gain any wisdom form his remark, we'd have to know what kind of unplayability he was dealing with in that one situation.

    With an idea where the results are unknown, I work on the basis of samples. So, reset the stack location and regulate one note (- I'd pick a heavy hammer note in the bass). Also be very careful of confirmation bias.

     



    ------------------------------
    William Ballard RPT
    WBPS
    Saxtons River VT
    802-869-3161

    "Our lives contain a thousand springs
    and dies if one be gone
    Strange that a harp of a thousand strings
    should keep in tune so long."
    ...........Dr. Watts, "The Continental Harmony,1774
    ------------------------------



  • 11.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-24-2025 09:19

    I was trying to make the point not to assume anything when it comes to NY action specs but to examine each piano individually.

    Hamburg Steinway tend to stick more closely to the 1880 patents.



    ------------------------------
    Parker Leigh RPT
    Winchester VA
    (540) 722-3865
    ------------------------------



  • 12.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-24-2025 09:30

    Parker went: "I was trying to make the point not to assume anything when it comes to NY action specs but to examine each piano individually."

    An excellent point, thank you. I was just curious about the particular case where 15mm kmd was the solution. Normally. in this age of 18# hammers, 15mm kmd is the problem.



    ------------------------------
    William Ballard RPT
    WBPS
    Saxtons River VT
    802-869-3161

    "Our lives contain a thousand springs
    and dies if one be gone
    Strange that a harp of a thousand strings
    should keep in tune so long."
    ...........Dr. Watts, "The Continental Harmony,1774
    ------------------------------



  • 13.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-24-2025 11:03

    It certainly appears (though I can't figure out WHY) that these specs were variable back then (it negates the fundamental principles of manufacturing in general) as I have a 1970 L that came into the shop with 15.5mm knuckles, gigantic heavy hammers, keys leaded to the max, sharps so narrow that your fingers fell off of them (if in fact you could play on it longer than 5-10 minutes without developing tendon problems)...

    This instrument is now playing pretty decently with its original parts (except for strings, agraffes (they were a mess), dampers, and sharps (ebony and wide harvested from an old Chickering). It would be even better if there was another .5mm on the knuckle spec, but c'est la vie.

    Incidentally it also has yellow cloth bushed hammershanks but Teflon elsewhere. 

    And BTW, if you have tight Teflon bushings, a drop of TSI 321 on each side should free them up nicely. (321 is the same as 301 but without the solvent...recommended by the manufacturer when plastic is involved). I used this on B to good advantage. 

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 14.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Posted 04-25-2025 02:24

    Will, this idea of "Most of the time, the stack is too low", why is that modified? Is it to change the action ratio, presumably by increasing the action spread? What is the indicator that the stack is too low ?

    Thanks, this is new to me. But sounds very interesting and begs the question of why most of the time?

    I recently regulated a 1958 S/W M (Australia ex Hamburg) and needed to shift the entire tubular whippen rail to align new knuckles to the whippens. The old knuckles were totally worn through on one side only. 

    There was simply not enough play on the flanges to align them. 

    After stripping it down and resoldering the rail in place, the knuckles sat central on the repetition levers, after some 50 years of one-sided misalignment.

    It occurred to me (slightly) whether the entire stack was correctly positioned ex-factory. Hence my question.

    Incidentally, in case you are wondering, the customer did not want to fork out for a new top action. Pity.

    Peter Sharp

    Downunder



    ------------------------------
    Peter Sharp
    Armidale NSW
    +61-439064948
    ------------------------------



  • 15.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-24-2025 18:58

    I believe Reyburn recommends 112.3 mm but that is close.



    ------------------------------
    Parker Leigh RPT
    Winchester VA
    (540) 722-3865
    ------------------------------



  • 16.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-25-2025 00:44
    The specification for spread from Renner for their parts is 112.75 mm.
    The stacks we build for Steinways are set to 112.5 mm with bare parts, expecting the technician to add Steinway red braiding, or sand paper which adds another 0.25 mm, bringing the spread to 112.75 mm.
    Anything between 112 and 113 mm will be quite functional. Outside that range the geometry is less than optimal.
    -Dean


    ------------------------------
    Dean Reyburn, RPT
    Reyburn Pianoworks
    Reyburn CyberTuner
    1-616-498-9854
    dean@reyburn.com
    www.reyburnpianoworks.com
    www.cybertuner.com
    www.reyburntools.com
    Facebook: www.facebook.com/dean.reyburn
    ------------------------------



  • 17.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-25-2025 07:45

    BTW, I don't see how raising the stack can have ANY effect on action spread, but I'm open to ideas.

    Good to know this B is right in the ballpark, as is the L at 112.5mm.

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 18.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-25-2025 19:02

    I have never thought it has any effect either, Peter.  The mechanisms for adjustment for each are different. For the spread, we can adjust that by loosening some screws and moving the whippen rail.  I do address the spread, as needed.  For the stack height, we raise it by placing shims under the bracket feet where the screws holes are until the proper height is achieved.  The proper factory specs for a Steinway grand are 5 3/4" for shank center pin height, 3 1/4" for the whippen center height, with a differential of 2 1/2". That is the spec that I always work towards with my shimming.  Be aware that the shank and whippen heights often do not always have the same amount of error.  For example, I recall an L where the  shank height was low about 1 mm. and the whippen height low almost 3 mm. (that's a lot).  The capstan interface with the heel cloth made the key feel rubbery.  I had to shim more at the back.  Measure the entrance height a both ends so as to assure yourself that after you raise the stack you will be able to slide the action back in.  Otherwise you run the risk of the properly adjusted drop screws dragging on the bottom of the stretcher and pinblock.  B's are notoriously stingy for needed overhead.  You have to do what the piano will allow.  

    Mr. Bill is correct that raising the stack will affect the blow.  But all I am doing is raising the stack to the factory spec, and to good effect when doing so.  Nothing loosey goosey here.  I will take on a feeling of superiority here, because I honor the factory spec, and THEY do not.  :-)

    .  

    Peter Sharp, it is not done to change the action ratio, it has no bearing on that.  If I wanted to change the action ratio, I would think about moving the capstan, amongst other things.  I start looking when there is some kind of binding friction at the capstan or knuckle, which are indicators that something is rotten in Denmark.  

    I don't do this all the time, only when it seems to be needed. I will always check it for an action rebuild and proceed as necessary



    ------------------------------
    William Truitt RPT
    Bridgewater NH
    (603) 744-2277
    ------------------------------



  • 19.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Posted 04-26-2025 02:03

    Will, how is that binding friction at the capstan or knuckle noticed? In the DW after adjustment? 

    Could there be a slight effect on action ratio when the stack is raised by virtue of the capstan increased height, thereby slightly increasing its contact distance from the balance rail pin? 



    ------------------------------
    Peter Sharp
    Armidale NSW
    +61-439064948
    ------------------------------



  • 20.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-26-2025 04:41

    Peter, there will be a too strong "bite" as the jack escapes from the knuckle that does not go away as one regulates.  For me, that comes from feel, although the friction will affect the downweight too.   

    I do not think it affects the action ratio, but perhaps others above my pay grade can answer that one.  If so, I do not think that is a bad thing, in that I am raising the stack to the factory spec.  The results will differ depending on how much change takes place and the details thereof.  

    There are actions that are never going to give you a refined regulation unless these changes are made.  My choices are results driven.  



    ------------------------------
    William Truitt RPT
    Bridgewater NH
    (603) 744-2277
    ------------------------------



  • 21.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-26-2025 21:15

    For the most accurate measurement of topstack elevations use a granite surface plate (24 x 72) and relevant machinist tools.

     



    ------------------------------
    Parker Leigh RPT
    Winchester VA
    (540) 722-3865
    ------------------------------



  • 22.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-27-2025 02:35

    But, but, but Parker, I just checked the weight of a 24 x72 x 1" slab, and I read that it would weigh 1008 pounds!!



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    William Truitt RPT
    Bridgewater NH
    (603) 744-2277
    ------------------------------



  • 23.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-27-2025 13:03

    This would be for a large rebuilding shop or a shop such as Reyburn's



    ------------------------------
    Parker Leigh RPT
    Winchester VA
    (540) 722-3865
    ------------------------------



  • 24.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 04-27-2025 20:00

    Regarding Steinway "factory spec" flange center heights, keep in mind that they are designed to work with spec string height of 7.5 inches at note 62. If string height is off, I adjust stack height the same amount. 

    Also note that raising the wippen center a different amount than the hammer center will move the hammer center horizontally at the same time, moving the strike point toward or away from the capo. You may need to chisel away the wood locating the stack feet and glue on new blocks when you lock in the correct strike point. I use an accurate string target jig to set up the action on my bench with the strike line clearly marked before I disassemble the old parts. That allows me to make huge changes and put everything back where it needs to be. 



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    Greg Graham, RPT
    Brodheadsville, PA
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  • 25.  RE: Steinway knuckle spec

    Posted 04-27-2025 23:33
    Hi, Greg,

    While the 7.5" spec is proper for models SMLOAB, the models C & D require 7-5/8".

    All of this, of course, being somewhere...over the rainbow and all that.

    Many other factors obtain, as well.

    Kind regards.

    Horace





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