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Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

  • 1.  Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-14-2025 11:38

    Greetings

    I have a customer with a 1917 Steinway O that was restrung 10-20 years ago, and it got new hammers, shanks, and whippens.  The damper levers are original, and now some of the highest ones are sluggish.  It's clear that the dampers are not sluggish from friction in the wire bushing, but in the lever centers.  I went to remove one to repin it, but found that the screw heads face upwards.  In other words, it looks like I would have to remove all the dampers and the sostenuto rod, and then remove the rail that the damper levers are screwed onto, just to access these few levers.  I tried lubing the rear center, but found it almost impossible to get the long tip of my bottle onto the center and to see that it had actually delivered the fluid.

    Does anyone have advice for dealing with this?  How long it takes to do this whole operation?  The customer actually wants to sell the piano.  He was thinking of doing a full regulation on it to encourage the sale.  Of course, that would include dealing with this damper issue.  Any comments would be much appreciated.



  • 2.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-14-2025 12:14
    Loren

    Unfortunately, the best way to ease those centers is to remove the entire damper system. The easiest way is to remove all the dampers and put them in a rack, to keep them in order. (I would highly recommend you number them, just in case). Once all the dampers are off, all you have to do is remove one screw on the treble end block, and the whole tray comes out. Replacing the dampers will take a little longer. 

    Wim





  • 3.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-14-2025 12:14

    Replace the underlever assembly. Much easier to service.



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    Parker Leigh RPT
    Winchester VA
    (540) 722-3865
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  • 4.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-15-2025 08:07

    Loren Kelley,

    There are no screws holding the damper underlevers to the damper tray in Steinways of that vintage. The underlevers are glued to the back rail of the tray. You will need to remove the 67 dampers, remove the tray from the action cavity, pop off the offending underlevers, correct the pinning, reglue the underlevers to the tray, reinstall the tray, then reinstall the dampers.While you're there, douse all the action centers with Protek. And if you really wish to get excited, drill and install 67 #4 wood screws for each underlever backflange to reinforce the 110-year old glue joints.

    Great factory design, eh?

    David G. Hughes, RPT

    P.S. You mentioned "remove the sostenuto rod". Is this a Hamburg Steinway?



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    David Hughes RPT
    Vintage Case Parts
    Glyndon MD
    (443) 522-2201
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  • 5.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Posted 05-15-2025 11:01

    Loren, as David points out, the underlever flanges are glued in place. The stuff that nightmares are made from.

     

    I have never used Fantastik, but judging from the multiple comments in this venue on its use (including in the recent "Piano Life Saver" thread and in the April 2022 Journal article on its use) I would think that its use would be high up on the list of options for you. Use a small artist's paint brush if you can't use an oiler.

     

    However, I also passed the use of Fantastik through ChatGPT and I agree with its reasoning (see below). The key appears to be time – how long does one figure on the "solution" lasting. You can use Fantastik now and "kick the can down the road". Regards, Norman.

     

    - - - -

     

    Q to ChatGPT: "piano center pins suffer from a corrosion of the bronze pins called "verdigris" that causes a tightness of their motion. Does it make sense that application of a product called Fantastik can give permanent relief?"

     

    A from ChatGPT: The idea that Fantastik, a household cleaner, could provide permanent relief from verdigris (the green corrosion that forms on copper or bronze alloys like those in piano center pins) is not scientifically sound for the following reasons:

    1. Fantastik is not designed for metal corrosion

    Fantastik is a general-purpose household cleaner, mostly intended for removing grease and grime from surfaces like countertops and appliances. It typically contains surfactants, solvents, and sometimes mild disinfectants-not corrosion inhibitors or materials formulated to deal with metal oxidation.

    2. Verdigris is a chemical corrosion process

    Verdigris is caused by copper reacting with moisture, oxygen, and other environmental contaminants (e.g., acetic acid from wood glues or humidity). Cleaning the pins with Fantastik might temporarily remove surface grime or lubricate the joint, making the pin seem freer, but it does not stop the corrosion process or reverse any mechanical damage caused by swelling or pitting.

    3. Piano technicians don't recommend it

    In the piano industry, dealing with tight or verdigris-affected center pins typically involves:

    • Replacing the bushings or pins

    • Cleaning the pin and flange bore with specialized solvents (e.g., naphtha or denatured alcohol)

    • Using materials like PTFE powders, appropriate oils, or Teflon-based products, all applied cautiously

    4. "Permanent relief" is misleading

    Even professional-grade corrosion inhibitors don't offer permanent relief without addressing the root cause (e.g., high humidity, chemical reactions with wood, etc.). If verdigris has formed once, the environment is likely conducive to it forming again unless corrected.


    Conclusion:

    Using Fantastik might superficially improve motion by cleaning surface contaminants or temporarily reducing friction, but it does not treat the root cause and won't offer permanent relief from verdigris. For long-term repair, the correct procedure involves professional cleaning, pin replacement, or proper humidity control.

    If you're experiencing verdigris issues with your piano's action, it's best to consult a professional piano technician.



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    Norman Brickman
    Potomac Piano Service
    Potomac, Maryland
    potomacpiano@verizon.net
    https://potomacpiano.com
    (301) 983.9321
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  • 6.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-15-2025 11:40

    I believe that Hamburg Steinway still uses this design. You will need to remove entire assembly in order to properly service one underlever.



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    Parker Leigh RPT
    Winchester VA
    (540) 722-3865
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  • 7.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-16-2025 21:49
    Parker,
    This is correct. I was at the NY Steinway factory last week, and learned that though many aspects of NY and Hamburg designs are converging, this is one sticky spot that Hamburg will not relinquish.
    Why is the question. And why is the only question.

    Joe Wiencek
    NYC




  • 8.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-16-2025 01:08

    Norman,

    Though we may never know exactly what was used on Steinway parts it was likely some sort of natural oil which is made of fatty acids.

    Over time these oils can break down creating a fatty group, basically a chain of carbons and hydrogens like in our hydrocarbon fuels and an acetate group, which is acetic acid (as in vinegar).  The acetic acid reacts with the copper in our brass flange pins creating copper acetate, also known as verdigris.

    A strong base like ammonia can neutralize the acetic acid and even reverse the verdigris (try it).  Fantastic contains either ammonia or a similar base as well as detergents that can remove some of the oils and might provide some temporary relief and water that might shrink the flanges and felt.  Because the wood is well saturated with oil only a long soak in ammonia would remove enough of the acidic oil and the bushing felts might be degraded to uselessness.

    Replacing the affected parts is still the only real solution.



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    Blaine Hebert RPT
    Duarte CA
    (626) 390-0512
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  • 9.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-16-2025 09:53

    Whale oil and/or mutton tallow



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    Parker Leigh RPT
    Winchester VA
    (540) 722-3865
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  • 10.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Member
    Posted 05-16-2025 12:26

    Steinway boiled their wooden parts in paraffin to protect against humidity changes. Friction warms up the action centers and the paraffin oozes out. A brochure that Steinway published documents this fact. its possible that later things as oils/tallow/graphites where added to free the centers. the most severe case of verdigris I have ever seen was in a neglected S & S when you played a key the hammers lifted but froze after release The whips and damper flanges where full of it 



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    James Kelly
    Owner- Fur Elise Piano Service
    Pawleys Island SC
    (843) 325-4357
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  • 11.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-17-2025 03:46

    I have a customer who professionally restores samurai swords, he uses mineral oil (paraffin oil) as a corrosion inhibitor.  Mineral oil, which is simply highly refined motor oil is not corrosive.

    Here is a photo I took of a saturated flange. you can see that it is completely saturated:



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    Blaine Hebert RPT
    Duarte CA
    (626) 390-0512
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  • 12.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-18-2025 14:28

    I'd worry that Fantastic could loosen the glue joint of glued in damper flanges. I'm not sure how much of a glue solvent Fantastic is, but I've used 409 cleaner as a very effective treatment for removing old keybushings. I've had pretty good success with Fomblin that is sold by supply88. It's pricy at over $40 for a 4 oz bottle, but it doesn't take much. Probably worth a try! https://supply88.com/products/pfpe-lubricant-120ml-4-2-fl-oz-fomblin-perfluoropolyether



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    Ryan Sowers RPT
    Olympia WA
    (360) 480-5648
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  • 13.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-16-2025 13:02

    Loren,

    I have had a lot of success accessing tightly spaced parts by using a longer hypodermic and syringe. 

    The higher the number, the smaller the diameter. I use size 18gauge if I want a lot of liquid to flow, and a 22gauge for finer drops. 

    You can get them at the farm supply stores, like Tractor Supply or veterinary supplies. The hypo bottles also have an option for

    longer metal nozzles. Pianotek used to have a long hypo. This might save you from having to remove the parts. 

    Best of luck,

    Dave



    ------------------------------
    Dave Conte, RPT

    Piano Technician in Residence
    The University of Tennessee
    College of Music
    Knoxville TN
    (817) 307-5656
    Owner: Rocky Top Piano
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  • 14.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 05-17-2025 08:53

    I feel it's important to "burst their bubble" as to their expectations for a 100 plus year old piano. The design of components at any time period reflects an absolute maximum useful anticipated lifespan of about 50 years. There was no intention of it lasting a century. Present owners must be informed of the fact that their precious commodity contains largely 18th century thinking and technology. If they want the thing to perform they need to deal with that and pay to have it repaired properly rather than band-aided and pass it off to the next unsuspecting person to deal with. They must realize that their perception of a multi-generational appreciating asset is a dream concocted by clever sales people. It is not reality.  Fix it properly or discard it.

    Peter Grey Piano Doctor 



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    Peter Grey
    Stratham NH
    (603) 686-2395
    pianodoctor57@gmail.com
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  • 15.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Posted 05-18-2025 09:32

    Well said Peter. 



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    Les Koltvedt
    Marietta GA
    lkpianos@gmail.com
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  • 16.  RE: Steinway O from 1917 - removing damper levers

    Posted 05-18-2025 12:16
    Pianos have always had a fair amount of planned obsolescence here and there, but as time goes by this method of obsolescence has had to morph.  Some companies obviously more than others. 😄
     
    In the old days the piano would constantly be exposed to very wild humidity fluctuations on a much different level than even our worst houses or churches of today and would just need rebuilt or recycled pretty often, plus there were literally loads of competent rebuilders back then - the only difference now is they are made incredibly weaker simply just because they don't need to be so strong anymore. Houses are all temperature controlled now and pianos are designed with this fact in mind, which is also the only way they are as affordable as they are.  
     
    A modern piano; let alone a Samick would not have a chance of holding up in the year 1905, and would require daily or weekly tunings until it completely falls apart after 10-20 years of that moist farmhouse goodness.
     
    And then as we go back further, the manufacturers would purposely go out of their way to make the actions and their cabinet designs to be very tricky to work on so that you would require to hire a technician, or have to buy a new one. Now they are made more simple, but we technicians are still very safe because your average person does not have time to fiddle with this type of stuff anymore, even if they are interested.
     
    I think the only reason any of these 100+ year old pianos are holding up at all is primarily because A/C became standard not long afterwards. these pianos were pre-depression and post A/C, but coincidentally placed into an A/C world. This combination directly makes them the strongest pianos in the world, which is why people like me LOVE rebuilding them, because the ones that were well maintained and temperature controlled are supremely better than even some of the best pianos today.  Of course not all 100+ or 50+ Pianos will be a good candidate for restoration, but the ones that are cannot be matched!
     
    Now we're seeing companies continue to use really stupid designs just because they are holding on to every little bit of obsolescence they can. Or maybe they made so many of those little flange things that they need to use them all up before switching over 😂 or maybe it's greed, or maybe it shows how stiff the competition really is for these guys all to stay afloat.
     
    I do believe the American made Mason & Hamlin pianos on the other hand actually do have a real chance of sounding and playing decent after 100 years. Their action and back action will certainly be working at a level that wooden actions cannot match at even 30-50 years because of the major friction change in the centers and excess wear from playing.  WNG Carbon parts will perform 15-17 times longer than wooden parts without needing re-pinned.  Welcome to the space age!
     
     Either way, we're gonna all be surrounded by cardboard pianos sooner than later! So everyone saddle up and get ready!😃



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    Matthew W.
    A.M.O. Pianos
    Lebanon, TN 37087
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