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Agraffe Torque

  • 1.  Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-20-2017 13:31
    Is there a torque standard for agraffes?

    ------------------------------
    ChrisChernobieff
    Chernobieff Piano and Harpsichord Mfg.
    Lenoir City TN
    865-986-7720
    chrisppff@gmail.com
    www.facebook.com/ChernobieffPianoandHarpsichordMFG
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-20-2017 15:16
    Snug to tight, as long as the holes line up. 

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    Willem "Wim" Blees, RPT
    Mililani, HI 96789
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  • 3.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-20-2017 15:20

    Yes I know that Wim, and everyone knows that. But, it doesn't answer the question.






  • 4.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-20-2017 15:50
    Chris. Because there is such a wide range of what's considered tight, I don't think there is a correct answer. But if you really want to know the answer, why don't you experiment and the next time you replace a set of agraffs, measure the torque of all of them and give us an answer.  

    ------------------------------
    Willem "Wim" Blees, RPT
    Mililani, HI 96789
    ------------------------------



  • 5.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-20-2017 15:47

    I usually tighten them until they snap off across the string holes and then back them off half a turn. J

     

    Cheers,

     

    Charles Rempel

    Sales & Marketing Manager

    Dampp-Chaser Corp.

    800-438-1524

    828-692-8271

     






  • 6.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-20-2017 16:01

    Charles, if they are breaking at the holes, you probably have the wrench too high. Haha.

    Wim, I'll rephrase. Does the guild have a recommended torque? And at what torque do they break?
    When I get home I'll check the machinist handbook.
    The reason I ask is if they are installed near there breaking point, it could be a reason some break later in the home. As happens sometimes






  • 7.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-20-2017 17:06
    Chris

     I don't think the guild has an official number.  I presume there are many tech who belong to the guild who have numbers.  But as far as an "official" number, I don't think there is one. 

    As as far as why agraffs break, I think it's because a tech might have over tightened an agraffs to try to get it straight, instead of backing it out and putting in the proper spacer or grinding down the shoulder. 

    Even if there are some numbers to go by, the big question is, who will actually measure the torque when installing new agraffs?  I probably won't. 

    ------------------------------
    Willem "Wim" Blees, RPT
    Mililani, HI 96789
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  • 8.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-20-2017 17:08

    Thanks Wim.






  • 9.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-20-2017 23:39
    I have never measured torque on agraffes, but I have found many Steinways from post WW 1 to have many over tightened ones. When NY went to phosphor bronze alloy agraffes in the late 1960's, they just used the stronger material to over tighten them more!!! 

    The proper way to install aggraffes is to have a plentiful supply. Thread the proper types  into their holes and after lining up all that will turn correctly and be snug, start by removing misaligned ones at one end and swap them out with misaligned ones from the other end of the section until as many come out correct as possible, and then remove the remaining misfit ones and replace them with others from your supply. In other words lather, rinse and repeat as needed. This way you can avoid washers or cutting shoulders.

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    Edward McMorrow
    Edmonds WA
    425-299-3431
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  • 10.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-20-2017 23:52
    what about a light weight threadlocker like loctite MS? It will hold just firm and can be plier loosend and finger remived.

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    Peter Banach
    Student: Piano Technician
    Enfield, CT
    860-745-9401
    ttyme1@cox.net
    ------------------------------



  • 11.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-21-2017 12:21

    This might be a viable alternative, but it begs, or sidesteps the question and poses one or two new ones, mainly, is there anything fundamentally wrong with either shimming OR reducing shoulders, time and labor aside?

    As for the thread subject, Ed's suggested method still leaves open the interpretation of "snug", as in, the difference between 'finger-snug' and 'tool-snug'.   The agenda of the subject question seems singularly focused on the issue of agraffe breakage and specifically over-tightening as a possible cause. It could very well be a 'possible' cause, but so what?  It might also be attributable to material or manufacturing flaws.  

    When does an agraffe begin to be 'tight enough'?  Is it being proposed that there is an ideal torque from a tonal standpoint? What happens, physically, between 'tight enough' and structural damage?  Agraffe threads, agraffe shoulder, plate threads, agraffe head/shank juncture?  

    Maybe a more useful question would be: how many degrees can you safely 'tool-tighten' an agraffe to get from finger-snug to proper alignment.  This is a question that even Ed's method should be able to address?

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    David Skolnik
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    914-231-7565
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  • 12.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-21-2017 12:56
    You go by feel and have the patience to moderate with washers. I.e. back it out and add a washer or take one away. I admit that solution to be unsatisfactory after having to ream out broken ones. A torque # needs to be piano specific. The tendency is to overtighten. The front uniplex duplex triplex bearing creates thousands of problems. Probably busted agraffes have less to do with it...
    There can't be a universal standard because of the whole menagerie of front duplex design.

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    Benjamin Sloane
    Cincinnati OH
    513-257-8480
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  • 13.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-21-2017 13:51
    So i finally looked in the machinist handbook. In it, is a chapter entirely on torque. Believe it or not it's a little more complicated than you first would think. Here are a couple of points i found to be interesting.

    Tightening Bolts  pg. 1495  Edition 27 Machinery's Handbook

    "Bolts are often tightened by applying torque to the head or nut, which causes the bolt to stretch. The stretching results in bolt tension or preload, which is the force that holds a joint together."

    pg.1496
    "The proper torque to use for tightening bolts in sizes up to 1/2" may be determined by trial (Kudos Wim). Test a bolt by measuring the torque required to fracture it. Then use a tightening torque of about 50 - 60% of the fracture torque determined by the test."

    So there you go, much more useful than criticizing.

    ------------------------------
    ChrisChernobieff
    Chernobieff Piano and Harpsichord Mfg.
    Lenoir City TN
    865-986-7720
    chrisppff@gmail.com
    www.facebook.com/ChernobieffPianoandHarpsichordMFG
    ------------------------------



  • 14.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-21-2017 16:31
    I don't have the tools to experiment currently, but perhaps you do. How will this new found knowledge affect the way you install agraffes going forward? How many agraffes would you need to break before you had what you felt to be a reliable consistency?  How many degrees of rotation is represented by the difference between finger snug and 60% of breakage? What if you were to attain proper alignment with only 40%, or 30%?   How might a torque measurement of a bolt that is simply right in its particular bored hole be didn't from a bolt with a running fit (as per agraffes) that is (over) torqued in the process of compassion?  

    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    914-231-7565
    ------------------------------



  • 15.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-21-2017 17:07

    I'm sure if you REALLY want to know the answers to those questions. You'll get the tools.






  • 16.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-23-2017 14:23

    I'm sure if you REALLY want to know the answers to those questions. You'll get the tools.






  • 17.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-24-2017 09:35
    Chris -
    I suspect your re-posting of your earlier (1/21) post was unintentional, but I had meant to reply then, so thanks.  You said:
    I'm sure if you REALLY want to know the answers to those questions. You'll get the tools.

    But the technical musings were only part of my question, and yes, given enough motivation, I could either resolve to carry out experiments or 
    (as I have begun to do), examine previous discussions.  What I asked YOU, was:
    How will this new found knowledge affect the way you install agraffes going forward? 

    Your subsequent post with information from Machinery's Hanbook, while interesting, did not actually address the various unique conditions of agraffes:

    Tightening Bolts pg. 1495 Edition 27 Machinery's Handbook

    "Bolts are often tightened by applying torque to the head or nut, which causes the bolt to stretch. The stretching results in bolt tension or preload, which is the force that holds a joint together."

    pg.1496
    "The proper torque to use for tightening bolts in sizes up to 1/2" may be determined by trial (Kudos Wim). Test a bolt by measuring the torque required to fracture it. Then use a tightening torque of about 50 - 60% of the fracture torque determined by the test."

    Still, I'm glad you brought it up, as it allowed me to re-examine some of the trove of earlier contributions.

    Thanks

    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    914-231-7565
    ------------------------------



  • 18.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-24-2017 11:23

    Such a polemic stance doesn't have to taken. Just being thorough, born out of clients that are mechanical engineers with extraordinary curiosity.






  • 19.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-24-2017 11:34
    So, just to be clear, does this mean that you would not change any of your current installation protocols?

    You said:
    Such a polemic stance doesn't have to taken.

    I admit, I had to look up polemic:
    a strong verbal or written attack on someone or something.

    Not sure what's polemical about my questions and observations.  They're not intended as such.

    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    914-231-7565
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  • 20.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-23-2017 14:45
    David S. wrote:
    "...(over) torqued in the process of compassion?"

    Upon first reading, I thought you had migrated into giving relationship advise. But now your spellcheck has got me wondering if I haven't been compassionate enough when installing agraffes (or perhaps TOO compassionate?)...

    Alan

    ------------------------------
    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
    ------------------------------



  • 21.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-24-2017 09:13
    Alan E wrote:
    Upon first reading, I thought you had migrated into giving relationship advise. But now your spellcheck has got me wondering if I haven't been compassionate enough when installing agraffes (or perhaps TOO compassionate?)...

    That would be 'advice', not 'advise', AND, as I reread YOUR post, I see that the conundrum you find yourself in could easily be conveyed as "over-torqued", (at least poetically).  Or, if you were a less sensitive soul, it might describe the energy expended in your feeling compassion.  In any case, I think this aspect of the has now been over talked.

    Seriously, the most recent previous thread on agraffes I found was " agraffes troubled years at Steinway" Oct 11, 2015 11:22 PM
    Dan Amihud .  :

    I recently came across the "Agraffes troubled years at Steinway" thread. My good friend & colleague Isaac Sadigursky has alerted me a while ago to this very subject, which originally appeared in a March 1989 PTG journal article. Unfortunately I don't have the author's name available at this moment.  The years were 1925 - 1929 Serial numbers: 235,000 - 265,000

    The article he references was by Susan Graham, as part of her NAMM Update. Hopefully, the Journal will overlook the inclusion of this section, below.  If not, I assume they can have it deleted:


    Susan Graham - Piano Technicians Journal - March 1989
    The final item is more information from Isaac Sadigursky, this time regarding agraffes. Isaac and Kermit Williams of Santa Barbara have put their heads together and formed a theory about the cause of broken agraffes in older Steinways. The problem, Isaac writes, occurs in grands in the serial number range
    230,000 - 265,000. They have observed that the broken ones they remove are not threaded completely to the top of the shank (note difference between broken and and intact samples in fig. 3). This would mean that in installation, the worker had to force the part, essentially jamming it in place and stressing the brass. Isaac’s letter was accompanied by several examples of this, including some treble agraffes in which the portion which is drilled for the strings is noticeably bent. He also supplied the model for
    Our cover this month, which comes from an A, #242800. As you can see, the head of the agraffe has separated from the shank; it was not yet broken, but was the cause of several callbacks due to unisons
    going out of tune.

    As Isaac so eloquently remarks, “The painful experience happens when those grands go through the process of restoration and restringing. Maybe a few break in the shop and get replaced and a few years later the old original agraffes start to break and jump like popcorn. This leaves the technician with a dilemma whether to back up his promises and take the piano back into the shop Figure 3 and restring the bass and tenor sections after replacing all the agraffes, or go through court being called a defendant.
    (Who needs it!)”

    Who needs it, indeed. Many of us who restring routinely replace all agraffes to obtain a clean-edged, round hole at the termination point. However, those of us using a counterbore or an end mill to remove material from the underside of the head had better beware that we don’t recreate the same problem
    by exposing a relatively large portion of unthreaded shank and then forcing it into the threads in the plate. Carefully reaming the top l/16” of the hole (by hand, with the appropriate size drill bit) will permit continued use of the end mill style of agraffe installation. Once again, we are all in Isaac Sadigursky and
    Kermit Williams’ debt-and I would be interested to hear any more thoughts on the subject. This should not be taken as a particular indictment of Steinway, incidentally-all manufacturers (not to mention every one of us) are capable of creating problems which may not surface for many years. And that’s why the
    world needs service technicians.


    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    914-231-7565
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  • 22.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-21-2017 18:31
    Thank you, Chris, for the reference. But one thing we have to keep in mind regarding agraffs. While bolts are use to tighten two piece together, an agraff doesn't tighten. Instead, all it does is provide an avenue for strings to go through. Technically, they don't even have to be tight. (I said technically, because I know it effects the tone), but it's not like the string is going to fly off down the road because the agraff wasn't tight enough.

    So the question comes down to, how tight should it be, finger tight or tool tight? How far past the feeling of tight can we go to accommodate correct alignment? I don't believe a study like that has ever been done. But I think this might be an interesting experiment for someone to conduct. So here is an offer for someone who wants to take the time to do an in depth study, and get paid for it.

    I am on the Piano Technicians Guild Foundation. The Foundation has a grant which is given to someone who wants to do research into a piano related topic. The grant money can be used for tools and supplies used in the research, and the time to conduct the research. If anyone is interested in conducting this experiment, please go to PTGF.org, and click on the "Research Grant" link, and follow the instructions.


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    Willem "Wim" Blees, RPT
    Mililani, HI 96789
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  • 23.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-21-2017 20:25
    Once the agraffe is brought tight by the installation tool, 15 to 20 more degrees of rotation are safe in my experience. One can see Steinway factory installations where they turned them 45 degrees after first tool snug. Brass is not very strong.

    The other "elephant" in the false beat room is the string hole shapes. No factory agraffe I have ever seen has the string holes properly shaped. I have to champfer all the agraffes before I install or re-install them. Also the new Klinke agraffes have wider tri-chord string spacing which messes up hammer spacing for proper shift pedal function. If you compare older NY Steinway tri-chords you will see the new ones are wider.

    We technicians should band together to get the string termination issues fixed by establishing proper specifications for them. Almost all the V-bars are too broad and rounded and the agraffes holes are wrong too. I have proven this over forty years ago and no one gets the message! It is a PIVOT termination DAMMITT-ALL!!!

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    Edward McMorrow
    Edmonds WA
    425-299-3431
    ------------------------------



  • 24.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-21-2017 21:34
    Ron pointed out a few years ago that the reason the agraffes broke was because the threading didn't go all the way to the base and stressed the shank

    ------------------------------
    Regards,

    Jon Page
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  • 25.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-21-2017 22:40
    Jon - What vintage agraffes are these?  Was this a design or anomaly? 

    ------------------------------
    David Skolnik
    Hastings-on-Hudson NY
    914-231-7565
    ------------------------------



  • 26.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-22-2017 02:31
    Glad I introduced the subject of 'torque' ?  
    Yet in all this thread there was no answer forth-coming as to a figure to be applied - only degrees of 'snugness'. 
    So - How many foot pounds are we looking at here? We have the tools, we just need to know how to use them and how to apply a reliable figure of foot poundage as it relates to agraffes. 
    Also: How do the factory technicians manage to get an agraffe thread to 'start' in exactly the same place in the hole in the plate? 
    And: Is it a fore-gone conclusion that the agraffe is likewise threaded so it starts in the same place? 
    And: is the plate spray painted before the agraffe is installed? (if so, we need to take the compression of paint on the plate into consideration here and whether it is exactly the same thickness from plate to plate.) 
    What a lot of questions! Maybe agraffe installation is just one more art-form in our profession or just another 'rule-of-thumb'.
    Michael   UK





  • 27.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-22-2017 02:37
    In engineering terms, the thread should go right up to the shoulder - or be 'under-cut' there. But under-cutting introduces a new problem - that of a weakness under the shoulder (or agraffe head) with the prospect of the agraffe's head snapping off with the application of undue torque. Or unspecified torque because it is an 'unknown'.
    Michael    UK





  • 28.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-22-2017 02:48
    Pre-inspection of the aggraffes to be used could indicate the need to chamfer the aggraffe holes in the plate to accommodate the lack of thread up-to-the-shoulder or undercutting of the aggraffe. H-m-m-m.    Michael   UK





  • 29.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-22-2017 08:32
    Check the archives for Ron's posts.

    ------------------------------
    Regards,

    Jon Page
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  • 30.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-22-2017 09:04

    John Zeiner will cover this in his class on agraffes at the MARC in April.

    Hoping to see a lot of you there as well as in St. Louis,

    Ruth Zeiner






  • 31.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-22-2017 12:11
    A mechanical engineer friend of mine who has examined agraffes of various kinds says that the thread should not go to the base, because where the threaded portion meets the agraffe base should be a radius. And the plate hole should have a smaller radius than the agraffe shoulder. The cutting action of the agraffe making machine causes tiny surface fractures at the base of the threaded portion and this makes it weaker.

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    Edward McMorrow
    Edmonds WA
    425-299-3431
    ------------------------------



  • 32.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Posted 01-22-2017 13:22
    Then the problem is with the hole in the plate not being bored larger at the top to accommodate the shoulder of the shank. 

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    Regards,

    Jon Page
    ------------------------------



  • 33.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-22-2017 20:52
    With a properly shaped cutter that also has a pilot that fits the plate hole properly, the top of agraffe hole could be quickly cut to the smaller radius for the rounded shank agraffes. And in a factory the same drill that bores the agraffe hole could be fit with a radius cutter to do both steps at once.

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    Edward McMorrow
    Edmonds WA
    425-299-3431
    ------------------------------



  • 34.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 01-24-2017 12:09
    Here's a rule of thumb. It's easy to feel when the agraffe snugs up, but that may still 20º short of where you want it. If you decide to test whether another 20º beyond snug seems safe, listen for any creaking the brass may make as its static friction with the cast iron breaks. This seems to me to be a consistent gauge of the pressure between brass and iron, developing by any further turning beyond snug. Mind you, this is a consistent gauge, not one developed by engineers.

    cheers,

    Bill

    ------------------------------
    William Ballard RPT
    WBPS
    Saxtons River VT
    802-869-9107

    "Our lives contain a thousand springs
    and dies if one be gone
    Strange that a harp of a thousand strings
    should keep in tune so long."
    ...........Dr. Watts, "The continental Harmony,1774
    +++++++++++++++++++++
    ------------------------------



  • 35.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-09-2017 09:34
    Hi Wim (et al)

    Coming into this conversation late, but I do have something to add RE agraffe torque, torque numbers, etc., but I am putting together some photos first. BTW, let's talk RE the foundation lab stuff as I have some ideas on how to set up some test research experiments.

    Nick

    On Sat, Jan 21, 2017 at 4:30 PM, Willem Blees via Piano Technicians Guild



    --
    Nick Gravagne, RPT
    AST Mechanical Engineering





  • 36.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-09-2017 10:12
    Nick Gravagne, come on down! Thanks for your interest in exploring what can be done with a PTG Foundation Research Grant. Wim chairs the committee, which also includes Dave Conte and yours truly. Looking forward to working on your proposal with you.

    Alan

    ------------------------------
    Alan Eder, RPT
    Herb Alpert School of Music
    California Institute of the Arts
    Valencia, CA
    661.904.6483
    ------------------------------



  • 37.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-09-2017 11:05
    Alaaannnn!

    Always nice to hear from you, ole bud.

    Will I see you in St. Louis?

    I'll download the proposal papers and fill them out when I return from a short trip to Albuquerque.

    Nick

    On Thu, Feb 9, 2017 at 8:11 AM, Alan Eder via Piano Technicians Guild



    --
    Nick Gravagne, RPT
    AST Mechanical Engineering





  • 38.  RE: Agraffe Torque

    Registered Piano Technician
    Posted 02-09-2017 12:53
    Nick

    If you want to earn a little extra doing this research work, and writing a paper on your findings, apply for the research grant. When we were discussing this earlier, I was hoping someone would ask about that.

    Thanks for your interest.

    ------------------------------
    Willem "Wim" Blees, RPT
    Mililani, HI 96789
    ------------------------------